{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":502,"pdf_page":555,"physical_index":555,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b20ab1ceebd4b891b49e040431eaed7ce0dc55a9414b74f01d1e6608caa6bba6"},"chapter":"第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构","content":"历史(Geschichte)不外是各个时代的依次交替。每一代都利用以前各代遗留下来的材料、资金和生产力；由于这个缘故，每一代一方面在完全改变了的环境下继续从事所继承的活动，另一方面又通过完全改变了的活动来改变旧的环境。②\n\n显而易见，马克思所说的历史性生存绝不是简单的单向性的持续性时间，而是一种将过去扬弃在自身内部，同时创造现在走向未来的历史时间。我注意到，后来海德格尔的时间概念正是从这个意义上生长起来的，而萨特的《辩证理性批判》一书似乎就是在讨论这个一定历史条件下个人的创造性生存问题。\n\n还应指出，马克思对现实的个人与历史性生存的讨论，也明显受益于政治经济学中经济发展史的影响，否则，“大量生产力、资金”的前提(经济学中再生产视域中的积累与“资本预付”)是不可能进入马克思的历史话语视域的。更何况，“用纯粹经验的方法来确认”这句话本身就是配第、麦克库洛赫等人在指证政治经济学所谓“科学”方法时的原文复录。当然，我们将很快看到，在对人类历史性生存的具体规定上，马克思的历史唯物主义早已远远超越了古典经济学的社会唯物主义。\n\n接着，第四手稿对以现实的个人为尺度的历史性生存进行具体逻辑确证。马克思说：“全部人类历史的第一个前提无疑是有生命的个人的存在”。这显然与第一手稿中的说明有所不同，马克思在第一手稿第一个原初关系的讨论中作了边注，个人的肉体存在与自然条件成了第一个前提(这是一切旧唯物主义的前提)。当然，马克思立即界划道，他所说的人类历史性生存并不是指认人的自然存在和人与自然的一般关系，“任何历史记载（Geschichtschreibung）都应当从这些自然基础(natürlichenGrundlagen)以及它们在历史进程中由于人们的活动而发生的变更出发。”①显然，这是马克思对第一手稿中所批判的费尔巴哈作为感性对象的自然存在和自然人的一种正面界定：自然肉体存在意义上的人口与作为自然条件的地理环境都不是人类历史意义上的社会存在。当然，这并不是说人口与地理环境不是人类社会生存的物质基础，而是说处于生产结果位置上的“在历史进程中由于人们的活动而发生的变更”的人与自然条件，才是社会存在的直接物质基础。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第37页。\n\n②[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第32页。\n\n502","previous_page":501,"next_page":503}