{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":503,"pdf_page":556,"physical_index":556,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"64cd5e3f3cc0efdd2b94bf9df0035e445eefa2abe807853a14e988132b7d1dfe"},"chapter":"第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构","content":"那么，从现实的个人生存出发，又将如何来看待历史性的内在规定呢？马克思首先针对“德意志意识形态”的现状说，我们“可以根据意识宗教或随便别的什么来区别人和动物”。因为，费尔巴哈、鲍威尔等人是以人的情感关系和异化了的宗教为基本点来区别人与动物，施蒂纳则是以在观念上摆脱了一切理性类总体性的利己主义来规定个人。这都没有走出过去一切旧哲学从观念幻影层面唯心主义地对人进行诠释的传统。在马克思的历史话语中，只有“当人开始生产自己的生活资料(Lebensmittelproduzieren)的时候(这一步是由他们的肉体组织所决定的)，人本身就开始把自己和动物区别开来”。请注意，这里与个人生存直接相关的“生活资料”的生产，实际上是经济学的精确术语。人最初的生产是生活资料的生产，而不是生产资料的生产。这样的科学判断，只有精通经济学特别是通晓社会经济发展史的专家才能精确地予以界定。\n\n马克思的这个历史性生存的规定，已不再是人应该具有的某种抽象的类本质费尔巴哈的自然类本质、赫斯先验设定的“交往(Verkehr)”和马克思《1844年手稿》中自由自主的劳动，而是人从动物生存(“肉体组织”的生物内驱力所致)历史性地跨出的“开始生产”。人类社会的历史存在是在长期的物质发展的一定阶段通过现实的生产历史地突现的。我们再一次看到，转换到现实的个人生存的尺度，即这个历史性的存在还是从人的物质生活资料的生产开始的，显然，这个历史不是一般的物质发展史，而是特设的人类社会历史存在。这是人的历史性社会存在的本义。与第一手稿的写作不同，马克思这一次没有直接用“工业”和“商业”这些现代性的规定来直接指认生产，从而使广义历史唯物主义的生产一般被真正抽象出来。\n\n第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构\n\n①[德]马克思恩格斯：《费尔巴哈》，人民出版社1988年版，第10页。\n\n503","previous_page":502,"next_page":504}