{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":526,"pdf_page":579,"physical_index":579,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c1da91fd5d432a541d7461dbbc0a78f96c8050edd8375804732ec27c1481335d"},"chapter":"第六章 马克思科学世界观的理论建构","content":"据此，我以为，在理解《德意志意识形态》时应该注意以下几个问题：\n\n第一，马克思在《德意志意识形态》中所确立的广义历史唯物主义，主要揭示了物质生产是人类生存的一般基础，这种物质生产具有永恒的自然必然性。然而，必须指出马克思这一表述的历史局限为，他此时还没有看到摩尔根的《古代社会》一书，也不知道人类社会历史上还存在一个没有阶级的原始部族阶段，在那里，根本不存在马克思和恩格斯在一般表述中出现的现代意义上的工业关系和交往关系，更没有作为阶级统治工具的国家形式。所以，广义历史唯物主义中的一些表述在历史学的构境中仍然还是不准确的。但现代经济活动(以交换为目的的经济活动和关系总体)并不是永恒的，产品以商品形式在社会交换中实现出来的一个经济整体是在一定的历史条件下才可能出现的；市场经济的客观力量决定性地成为主导性关系，这个过程也是历史性的，例如价值规律只能出现于商品经济运行之中。所以，经济决定论就错在这里，即将资产阶级社会中在特定时期出现的现象和规律畸变为一种抽象的一般规律。这也是对马克思狭义历史唯物主义的一种误认！因为，狭义历史唯物主义只是对经济力量颠倒地决定人与社会这样一种特定的历史情境的指认。在《德意志意识形态》中，马克思还是假托分工为线索的经济与社会矛盾对资产阶级社会进行批判，他还无法科学地达及古典经济学特别是李嘉图的那种透过交换关系到生产关系的科学抽象，即剥离事物的外观而把握本质，从流通领域的思考转向到生产领域的思考。在《德意志意识形态》中，马克思还时常使用赫斯的交往关系理论。赫斯的交往(Verkehr)概念还是马克思思考社会关系问题时的主要工具，在全书中，他一共172次使用Verkehr一词及其相关词。其中，9次使用交往关系(Verkehrsverhältnisse)一词，27次使用交往形式(Verkehrsform)一词，11次使用世界交往(Weltverkehr)一词。其实，交往(Verkehr)并不等同于交换(derTausch)，生产关系总是决定着交换关系，只是在资产阶级社会生产方式中，交换关系才成为统治的关系。交换关系是表象，生产关系才是本质。直至50年代以后的经济学研究中，马克思才逐步解决这些问题，并将其提升到哲学视域中来。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①参见孙伯镑、姚顺良《马克思主义哲学史》(黄楠森等主编，八卷本)第2卷，北京出版社1991年版，第118页；唐正东《物质生产：新唯物主义哲学的经济学基础变换》，载《南京社会科学》1999年第2期。\n\n526","previous_page":525,"next_page":527}