{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":542,"pdf_page":595,"physical_index":595,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"47aeb6b9a9aeff9dee3719f856f33c87667051a8c38682563bef91e48d42e0a8"},"chapter":"第七章 马克思主义哲学革命的最后视域","content":"蒲鲁东先生不是直接肯定资产阶级生活(la vie bourgeoise)对他来说是永恒的真理。他间接地说出了这一点，因为他神化了以观念形式表现资产阶级关系(les rapports bourgeois)的范畴。既然资产阶级社会(la société bourgeoise)的产物被他想象为范畴形式、观念形式，他就把这些产物视为自行产生的、具有自己的生命的、永恒的东西。可见，他并没有超出资产阶级的视野。①\n\n也就是说，蒲鲁东其实没有意识到，他虽然貌似在批判资产阶级社会，但其隐性逻辑前提却论证了它的超历史性，“仿佛这个一定的生产方式(ce mode de produciton déterminé)的产物一直会存在到世界末日似的”②。因而，“他就陷入了资产阶级经济学家的错误之中，这些经济学家把这些经济范畴看作永恒的规律，而不是看作历史性的规律(desloishistoriques)—只是适于一定的历史发展阶段、一定的生产力发展阶段的规律”③。马克思后来指出，在蒲鲁东那里，\n\n他不是把经济范畴看作是历史的、与物质生产的一定发展阶段相适应的生产关系的理论表现，而是荒谬地把它看做历来存在的、永恒的观念，这就表明他对科学辩证法的秘密了解得多么肤浅，另一方面又是多么赞同思辨哲学的幻想，而且，他是如何拐弯抹角地又回到资产阶级经济学的立场上去。④\n\n然而，以马克思的见解，“人们借以进行生产、消费和交换的经济形式是暂时的和历史的(transitoires et historiques)形式。随着新的生产力的获得，人们便改变自己的生产方式(leur mode de production)，而随着生产方式的改变，他们便改变所有不过是这一特定生产方式的必然关系的经济关系”①。马克思在此信中4 次使用 mode de production，其中1次为 mode actual de production。不可否认，马克思在此也批评蒲鲁东在经济研究中“混淆了思想和事物”的错误，因为蒲鲁东的历史“进化”和经济范畴还是“在他头脑中的排列秩序”，这里有黑格尔式永恒理性(“为了发展自身而使用的工具”)的影响，但是，马克思着重批评的是蒲鲁东将分工、机器和所有制等不同问题视为抽象的经济范畴的观点，指出这种错误的实质是“没有理解把资产阶级生产(la production bourgeoise)所具有的各种形式结合起来的联系，不懂得一定时代（uneépoquedéterminée)中生产所具有的各种形式的历史的和暂时的性质(lecaractère historique et transitoire)\"②\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第485页。参见Marx-EngelsGesamtausgabe(MEGA2), Ⅲ/2,Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1979,S. 77。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第480页。参见Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe(MEGA2), Ⅲ/2, Text, Berlin; Dietz Verlag, 1979,S. 72.\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第482页。参见Marx-EngelsGesamtausgabe(MEGA2), Ⅲ/2,Text, Berlin; Dietz Verlag, 1979,S. 75。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第16卷，人民出版社1964年版，第31—32页。\n\n542","previous_page":541,"next_page":543}