{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":544,"pdf_page":597,"physical_index":597,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c2ed77b58706371e5198901fc9af1f8908f1d7d1732f8cfbf6463d39e7ff5bea"},"chapter":"第七章 马克思主义哲学革命的最后视域","content":"3. 能有：一种逻辑与现实的科学联结\n\n我注意到，马克思在文本后半部分的关键性阐释中，5处使用了“历史的”、“暂时的”这些修饰语。显然，在这个重要的语境中，他试图界划出一种新的现实科学批判逻辑。这就出现了一个需要进行历史界说的理论质点。\n\n在以往的社会批判里，尤其是资产阶级启蒙思想家大多自觉或不自觉地运用人本主义的逻辑范式，即从“应该”与“是”的矛盾中牵引出批判的张力。“应该”往往被规定为人类生活理想化的本真存在状态，它是一种本质性的价值悬设和超越性的引导范式。在基督教的神学框架中，这种价值悬设被确定为原生性和彼岸性的天上乐园—“上帝之城”，它既是人的原初点，又是复归之处；在后来的资产阶级启蒙思想中，它被设定为人的天然本性，它们都是一种“应有”(Sosein)。而“是”则是现实生活与人的世俗存在。相对于人的理想状态，这种“现有”往往是败坏的与蜕化的，它犹如神学中的此岸性的现世苦海，或启蒙精神所批判的中世纪专制下的非人现状。基督通过引人指认现世的物欲与罪恶，使人出世而达及彼岸的上帝之城。与此相反，所有的启蒙思想家则都让人从天赋人权中看到现世生活在神学强制下的自否性，因而主张更加入世地舒展人的天然本性，这个人间天堂就是资产阶级社会的实现。费尔巴哈进一步证明了神学的上帝之城不过是人的本质的异化，那个基督教的“应该”只能回落到人间大地才能真正得以实现。可见，正是这种“应该”与“是”的逻辑矛盾才导引出一种强烈的批判张力。同样，青年马克思在1844年的劳动异化理论中诚然已经开始批判资产阶级社会，但其深层逻辑仍旧依循这种旧式的人本主义思路。马克思提出，劳动才是人应有的本质，而被资产阶级视为人间天堂的现实的资产阶级社会私有制仍然导致人与自己本质的异化，所以资产阶级社会应该被打倒，共产主义才是真正的人道主义的实现。总之，马克思所提出的作为“历史之谜”的六大矛盾，其本质还是“应该”与“是”的矛盾，其逻辑思路的内驱力还是价值悬设的超越性，所以从根本上说，这种从先验本质出发的方法还是隐性唯心主义历史观！\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第27卷，人民出版社1972年版，第484页。参见Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe(MEGA2), Ⅲ/2, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1979,S. 77.\n\n②[捷]泽勒尼：《马克思的逻辑》，牛津，1980年，第29页。\n\n544","previous_page":543,"next_page":545}