{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":55,"pdf_page":108,"physical_index":108,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"cc4e9ab7ab426186b44657c205d4dfc6e16af285fe861cb816ceb6916e0b08cb"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"在这场合，像在其他许多场合一样，他受着一只看不见的手的指导，去尽力达到一个并非他本意想要达到的目的。也并不因为事非出于本意，就对社会有害。他追求自己的利益，往往使他能比在真正出于本意的情况下更有效地促进社会的利益。①\n\n在此，我们可以从共时性和历时性两个方面对斯密的上述论断进一步予以说明。首先，从共时性的角度看，利己主义的冲动在自由竞争中形成资产阶级社会的经济关系总体；其次，从历时性的角度看，在再生产的动态取向上自发地形成资产阶级社会经济运动的客观法则。\n\n我们可以明确指认，斯密的看不见的手，在哲学历史观的逻辑层面上，就是第一次在现代社会经济过程中确立的不以人的意志为转移的社会经济结构和客观规律。当然，这个立论同时也直接导引出资产阶级自然意识形态的两个最重要的方面：一是这种自由经济的自然性和公正性，二是由此引发出的资产阶级社会生产关系的天然性和永恒性。\n\n5. 李嘉图与社会唯物主义的深层语境\n\n其实，只有李嘉图，才站在了由斯密全面创立的资产阶级古典经济学的理论逻辑最高点上。②相对于以手工业为基础的“反映大工业的史前时期”的斯密，李嘉图则代表了大工业时代的产业资本的利益。我认为，由李嘉图在经济学中达及的社会历史观的逻辑层面，才是马克思后来1845—1858年科学思想革命的真实起点。应该指出，过去我们同样仅仅将这一重要的理论视域遮蔽为一种纯经济学的语境，而实际上这是一个哲学社会历史观上的全新理论凸现。说到底，李嘉图的理论逻辑是资产阶级社会生产方式下工业进程的工具理性总体文化逻辑之彰显的最核心的一部分，它同时也是西方自文艺复兴以来资产阶级意识形态在19世纪所能够攀登上的理论最高点。这个巅峰上屹立着两位大师：经济学中的李嘉图与哲学中的黑格尔。依据阿多诺的观点，还有音乐殿堂里的贝多芬。在李嘉图这里，古典经济学的社会唯物主义再一次得以深化，这就形成了第三层级中的崭新语境。\n\n第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①[英]斯密：《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》下卷，郭大力、王亚南译，商务印书馆1974年版，第27页。\n\n②李嘉图(DavidRicardo，1772—1823)，英国著名政治经济学家，他对斯密以后的经济学理论作出了系统的贡献，被马克思称为最伟大的古典经济学家。1772年4月18日，李嘉图出身于英国伦敦一个资产阶级犹太移民家庭。童年所受教育不多，14岁便随父亲从事证券交易活动，16岁时便成了英国金融界的知名人物。1799年，李嘉图偶然阅读了斯密的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》一书，这是他第一次接触经济学，从此，他对政治经济学发生兴趣并开始研究经济问题。李嘉图在证券交易所的工作使他非常富有，所以他在1814年刚满42岁时便退休。1819年，李嘉图在英国议会上院购买了一个代表爱尔兰的席位。他占据这个席位直到去世。李嘉图于1823年9月11日去世，年仅51岁。其主要代表作为《政治经济学及赋税原理》(Principles of Political Economy and Taxation，1817)等。—本书作者第二版注。\n\n55","previous_page":54,"next_page":56}