{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":56,"pdf_page":109,"physical_index":109,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"58bc35f892f8d6390358e578651b10cd8a6374b947b42b8d540c67325e019968"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"首先，我们要标注出李嘉图与一切早期资产阶级政治经济学家在方法论上的重要异质性。在上面的讨论中，我们已经描述过存在于后者的一般方法论特征及其哲学意义，这种方法论经由配第演进到斯密，并在斯密那里达到它的最高点。我们可以看到，这种方法“只是把生活过程中外部表现出来的东西，按照它表现出来的样子加以描写、分类、叙述并归入简单概括的概念规定之中”①。面对社会现象，它是一种“多”中之“一”的本质；面对社会活动，它是一种“变”中之“不变”的规律。虽然我们已经指认了这种抽象方法与自然唯物主义经验论并不相同，但它从根本上说依然是一种经验归纳式的抽象。因此，也是在这个意义上，我们“放过了”在这一方法之下的庸俗经济学家。具体论及斯密，他是这样做的：\n\n按照联系在竞争现象中表面所表现的那个样子，也就是按照它在非科学的观察者眼中，同样在那些被实际卷入研究资产阶级生产过程并同这一过程有实际利害关系的人们眼中所表现的那个样子，把联系提出来。②\n\n用后来马克思对斯密的评价来说，那就是斯密始终“用资本主义生产当事人的眼光来看待事物，完全按照这种当事人所看到和所设想的样子，按照事物决定这种当事人的实践活动的情况，按照事物实际上呈现出来的样子，来描绘事物”①。也由此，萨伊才能够肤浅而系统地把它概括于一本教科书里。可是，在另一个方面，斯密的分析也还是不自觉地呈现了一种新的方法，即“深入研究资产阶级经济制度的内在联系”的本质抽象的逻辑。这在他的著作中与前一种主导性研究方法形成理论上的悖结。马克思已经指出了斯密方法论中的无意识的复调性。在这一点上，斯密的许多后继者也含混不清、语焉不详，并且更多地自觉或不自觉地立足于前一种方法。马克思后来感叹道：“古典政治经济学几乎接触到事物的真实状况，但是没有自觉地把它表述出来。”②\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①②[德]马克思：《剩余价值理论》第2册，人民出版社1975年版，第182页。\n\n56","previous_page":55,"next_page":57}