{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":574,"pdf_page":627,"physical_index":627,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7f3e49ce4eb12eb73c0a6f2a4da09687c4276e5ab2d77a01a7f52707a422b695"},"chapter":"第七章 马克思主义哲学革命的最后视域","content":"这些来自于历史唯物主义话语的五个“一定的(bestimmt)”，直接促进了马克思在经济学认识上的一定程度的深化。在马克思看来，资本“作为一种独立的社会力量，即作为一种属于社会一部分的力量，借交换直接的、活的劳动而保存下来并增殖起来”①。所以，在资本主导的生产方式中，除劳动能力以外一无所有的阶级的存在是资本的必要前提，更可悲的是，工人若不受雇于资本家就会灭亡。这是一种特定的生产方式和支配关系。马克思分析道：“只是由于积累起来的、过去的、对象化的劳动(vergegenständlichten Arbeit)支配直接的、活的劳动，积累起来的劳动才变为资本。”②这样，资本的“实质在于活劳动是替积累起来的劳动充当保存自己并增加其交换价值的手段”③。这也是马克思所说的“工人的奴役地位”和“资本家的统治”之间的关系。④其实，这也就是资本的主义的生产方式！\n\n至此，我要说明一个重要的文本事件，即实际上在本书第一章至第七章正文中，我始终没有使用传统研究者在表征马克思1857年以前的思想时惯常标注的“资本主义”一语。因为，马克思其实在1857年以前，具体说是在《资本论》第二卷写作之前，从来没有使用过德语名词状态下的“资本主义”（Kapitalismus)一词，而只是使用“资产阶级社会”(bürgerliche Gesellschaft,这与中译文中的“市民社会”是同一个词)。⑤马克思是在科学地确认资本作为一种社会生活关系，实际上是“资产阶级的社会”的本质存在方式后，才明确创立了资本主义的(capitalist)社会和“资本主义的生产方式(kapitalistischen Produktionsweise)”这些关于资本主义科学认识的核心概念。在《雇佣劳动与资本》一文中，马克思已经开始初步意识到这一问题，但这一问题只是在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中才真正得以解决。而他开始区别性地使用“资本主义的生产方式”一语，却开始于他《1861—1863年经济学手稿》之中，并且，他只是在《资本论》第一卷中才正式形成自己关于资本主义生产方式的系统确证，在那里马克思用kapitalistischenProduktionsweise取代了bürgerliche Gesellschaft.①\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第6卷，人民出版社1961年版，第488页。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第6卷，人民出版社1961年版，第488页。中译文原来将此处的vergegenständlichten译为“物化”是不准确的，应该为“对象化”。参见 MEW，Bd.6，Berlin:Dietz Verlag，1961，S.409。——本书作者第四版修订注。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第6卷，人民出版社1961年版，第488—489页。\n\n④参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第6卷，人民出版社1961年版，第474页。\n\n⑤从文献上看，马克思后来也只是在《资本论》及其手稿和少量书信中，使用过Kapitalismus和法文中的capitalisme。—本书作者第四版修订注。\n\n574","previous_page":573,"next_page":575}