{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":610,"pdf_page":663,"physical_index":663,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c6570c27eee8da99d4e1ea05aaa5510aa3c2553e245c58528d2d3b22dd48402e"},"chapter":"第八章 《1857—1858年经济学手稿》与历史唯物主义","content":"科学的社会历史现象学说明了资本主义经济现象中的这种颠倒是如何历史形成的，它要揭露资本主义生产方式中客观颠倒的社会关系，以最终揭穿资本主义经济剥削的秘密。在这一点上，戈德利尔的描述是准确的：“马克思之所以伟大，就在于他通过对商品、货币、资本等的分析，真实地再现了，在资本主义生产方式中以颠倒的形式表现在人们日常生活中或观念上的各种事实，阐明了社会关系所带有的那种虚幻性。”①或者用青年卢卡奇的话来说，就是用历史辩证法“戳穿这样产生出来的社会假象，使我们看到假象下面的本质”②。\n\n具体地说，马克思必须面对资本主义经济过程中复杂的事物、物相、外在关系、颠倒了的关系、事物化关系，以及非主导性的关系(如残存的封建关系)，在科学的历史抽象中找到原有的关系(简单关系)，再一步步再现今天真实的复杂关系和颠倒了的社会结构。这不是直观或抽象反映，而是一种重构式的反映。这里，既需要一步步破除社会关系中由于颠倒所产生的迷碍，获得史前社会共同体中的简单的社会关系，又需要从这种抽象的关系一步步复归于颠倒了的各种复杂的经济具象。更重要的是，需要深入揭示这种关系颠倒在资本主义社会中的客观意义，即客体向度与主体向度中两种不同的价值指认。如人类劳动一交换关系一价值实体化一价值形式一货币—资本一信用。马克思对资本的批判，其实是对颠倒的人类本质的科学描述与批判。所以，资本不是物，而是人的被颠倒的社会关系。一方面，恰恰是由于有商品一市场经济才有了人自己所创造的经济世界，有交换价值才会达到人类社会生存的高级阶段。资本的逻辑是在时空中布展的人的世界历史，但这是一个颠倒的人类历史，因为人的发展采取了物的发展形式：资本的世界历史。正是在这个意义上，今天中国才真正开始了人的现实发展的世界历史，才具有了世界性的人类生存：流通性。这恰恰是人的历史发展和实现了的“类”。在这个特定语境之中，马克思的历史现象学正是他政治经济学革命的内在逻辑前提，因为只有根据对资本的生活关系的确认，才能建构出马克思经济学研究的对象和科学社会主义的革命对象。这是以往我们传统研究没有认真注意的方面。我注意到，在这一主题的探讨上，赫尔米希著有《“颠倒的世界”是马克思著作的基本思想》①。缪勒指认了社会历史的“自然次序”与现实次序相互颠倒的“假象之迷”。②科西克则在《具体的辩证法》中批判了“操持的”假象世界，可是他执著地坚持一种早期海德格尔式的人本主义逻辑。③\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①[法]戈德利尔：《境界，人类学中的马克思主义的历程》，巴黎，1972年。转引自[日]栗本慎一郎《经济人类学》，王名等译，商务印书馆1997年版，第23页。\n\n②[匈]卢卡奇：《历史与阶级意识》，杜章智、任立、燕宏远译，商务印书馆1992年版，第53页。\n\n610","previous_page":609,"next_page":611}