{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":622,"pdf_page":675,"physical_index":675,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4663f904c3349c0be2785d1509b260ef060686deab6c57b73066659148767134"},"chapter":"第八章 《1857—1858年经济学手稿》与历史唯物主义","content":"很显然，马克思这里只是截取了其中的一个环节，即从抽象到具体。尤为重要的是，这个环节恰恰也是古典经济学的基本研究方法。我认为，马克思经济学的从抽象到具体的方法并不等于他的历史辩证法，而只是辩证法分析的一个特殊环节。孙伯先生曾经正确而精辟地指出，“《资本论》的方法是唯物辩证法的局部情况”①。这也就是说，这一方法是不能被独立地确证和夸大的。这个方法的前提是必须形成客观历史的抽象。如上所述，相对于这里的语境，《伦敦笔记》正是经历了“从具体到抽象”的过程。否则，必然误入歧途。更重要的是，如果从马克思的历史现象学的视角来看，那种线性的抽象到具体的思路也是无法真实阐明马克思的复杂分析过程的。正如泽勒尼所说的，“马克思的科学体系不是一条从现象到本质’以及从本质到现象’的简单直线。相反，它在现象和本质之间来回波动”，从而形成一种对事物的全面的总体把握。②\n\n另一方面，马克思对研究方法的思考的更主要的特点是，他深刻理解了黑格尔辩证法与古典经济学的内在关联，即斯密、李嘉图为什么会从抽象的经济规定出发，同时，这种从抽象出发对于现代政治经济学研究来说又为什么是正确的方法，也由此，马克思才在这一写作过程中萌发专门写一本关于黑格尔辩证法的书的构想。巴加图利亚说，马克思在1857年由于“意外地”碰到了黑格尔的著作，才形成创作的冲动。虽然巴加图利亚作了大量复杂的文本考证，却用来认证一个游离于马克思思想进程的主观设想，甚是可惜。③对于这种新认识，马克思在此是通过劳动一般范畴的历史抽象来说明的。\n\n3. 科学劳动规定的现实历史抽象\n\n对于劳动这个概念，想必读者并不完全陌生，因为在《1844年手稿》中，我们遭遇过作为人的类本质出现的“劳动”。然而，在这时，马克思从经济学的历史视域中了解到，这个他曾经作为逻辑前提的“劳动一般”实际上是“现代的范畴”。套用当代后现代思想家喜欢说的话来讲就是，这是一个现代晚近发明的事情。从哲学方法论上看，它是马克思在《马克思致安年柯夫》和《哲学的贫困》中业已解决的问题。可这一次，它同时又是马克思在《伦敦笔记》中获得的最新研究成果，即对资产阶级古典经济学进行全面系统的历史研究的结果。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①孙伯锌、姚顺良：《马克思主义哲学史》(黄楠森等主编，八卷本)第2卷，北京出版社1991年版，第340页。\n\n②参见[捷]泽勒尼《马克思的逻辑》，牛津，1980年，第121页。\n\n③参见[苏]巴加图利亚《马克思的经济学遗产》，陆忍译，贵州人民出版社1981年版，第158一159页。\n\n622","previous_page":621,"next_page":623}