{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":623,"pdf_page":676,"physical_index":676,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"dfb3d12ffeb6dbda14f73593685c0c36c4e88f0fac8c859b1989b3b884fe0932"},"chapter":"第八章 《1857—1858年经济学手稿》与历史唯物主义","content":"乍看起来，劳动是一个十分简单的、老生常谈的概念，作为人类生存的一般规定，它的表象也是自古存在的。但马克思已经发现，正是这样一种在经济学研究中真正能从“简单性上来把握的劳动’，和产生这个简单抽象的那些关系一样，是现代的范畴”①。正如我们在本书第一章中所讨论的那样，政治经济学的思考语境和方法论是马克思科学方法论的历史性前提。此时，马克思已经以十分清晰的思路，再现了“劳动一般”这一范畴在资产阶级经济学中的历史抽象过程：首先，在早期货币主义那里，财富还只是客观的东西，即能够看得见摸得着的“外在于自身、存在于货币中的物”。而重商主义和重工主义则已经初步穿透物相，“把财富的源泉从对象转到主体的活动商业劳动和工业劳动”，固然他们还只是局限于“取得货币的活动”，但这已经是一种历史抽象中的“很大的进步”。②其次，接下来的重农主义(资产阶级古典经济学的真正开端)，第一次“不再把对象本身看作裹在货币的外衣之中，而是看作产品一般，看作劳动的一般成果了”；虽然这种劳动还只局限于“劳动的一定形式—农业”，但劳动这种财富的本质，毕竟已经从货币的物的外壳中被抽象出来。最后是斯密，马克思称他又“大大地前进了一步”，因为“他抛开了创造财富的活动的一切规定，干脆就是劳动，既不是工业劳动、又不是商业劳动、也不是农业劳动，而既是这种劳动，又是那种劳动”，这才有了“创造财富的活动的抽象一般性，也就有了被规定为财富的对象的一般性，这就是产品一般，或者说又是劳动一般，然而是作为过去的、事物化的劳动”。①这就是劳动一般在现代工业经济发展中的历史性生成。劳动一般，是一个“晚近发生的事情”。\n\n第八章《1857—1858年经济学手稿》与历史唯物主义\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第41页。\n\n②参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第41页。\n\n623","previous_page":622,"next_page":624}