{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":650,"pdf_page":703,"physical_index":703,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b256d9b4c32b63ed401bdc7f62b33fd7d2dd4034fc6916895fb602cbe5b56021"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"交换与分工互为条件。因为每个人为自己劳动，而他的产品并不是为他自己使用，所以他自然要进行交换，这不仅是为了参加总的生产能力，而且是为了把自己的产品变成自己的生活资料。②\n\n从生产的客观进程来看，生产目的从直接的使用价值变为间接的交换价值，从个人生产具体的“多”变为社会市场交换中抽象的“一”，以交换为目的的商品经济第一次使生产本身成为无限的。这正是资本主义锻铸魔鬼般的生产力冲动的根本原因。由此，马克思阐明了现代的交换(即社会交换)绝不是什么人的天生的类的交往需要(赫斯)，而是在生产发展到一定历史阶段上的必然产物。请注意，在生产的分工和交换体系的前提下，交换价值必然成为人类生活中支配性的“一”，这并不是一种罪恶的人性的堕落，而是生产发展的需要和必然结果。同时，极为重要的问题是，这不是由于社会关系本身的任意改变所生发出来的必然性，而是从物质生产这个客观基础上生发出来的必然规律。于是，马克思第一次科学地说明了资本主义社会关系变化的根本原因在于生产力的发展，离开这个基础去讨论社会关系的改变必将是非科学的。\n\n马克思进一步分析道，资产阶级经济学家(斯密等)眼中的市民社会里的人与人的关系，是“每个人追求自己的私人利益，而且仅仅是自己的私人利益；这样，也就不知不觉地为一切人的私人利益服务，为普遍利益服务”①。而且，这种关系被神化为“人人为自己，上帝为大家”的天然社会本性。与此相反，马克思科学地指出，资本主义社会的生存方式实际上根本不是一种自然法的意愿，而是资本主义生产所产生出来的分工与交换客观形成的结果。在分工与交换的社会中，人们必须用一种“毫不相干的个人之间的互相的和全面的依赖(allseitige Abhängigkeit)，构成他们的社会关联(gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhang)”。②这种社会关联只能表现在人们相互交换他们的劳动成果的交换价值上。马克思说：\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第103页。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第104页。\n\n650","previous_page":649,"next_page":651}