{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":652,"pdf_page":705,"physical_index":705,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b25010a1c77d76ca19246b69326a8b79c7b4c731e3570f58fcce0742f7f9fd38"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"人的孤立化，只是历史过程的结果。最初表现为种属群、部落体、群居动物—虽然决不是政治意义上的政治动物。交换本身就是造成这种孤立化的一种主要手段。它使群的存在成为不必要，并使之解体。①\n\n此时，马克思所阐述的现代社会关系(资本主义经济的结构)，显然不是他在《德意志意识形态》中所能具体指认的。首先，这里实际上出现了我所说的马克思在经济学研究中的狭义的历史唯物主义观点，即在经济的社会形态中，人所创造的东西开始成为不以人的意志为转移的客观力量，通俗地说，就是历史性的经济决定论。这也就是说，在广义历史唯物主义的物质生产基始论的观点上，特定的经济力量和经济关系成为人的现代生活中主导性的东西。而第二国际的理论家将这种历史性的主导性非历史地指认为一种普适性的规律。马克思这里的具体历史分析，显然比传统哲学教科书上的分析逻辑要复杂得多，它决不是一个简单的生产力决定生产关系的论断就能替代的。当今的中国社会主义市场经济中的社会关系和当代资本主义的社会关系问题，都是更加错综复杂的结构总体。遗憾的是，在我们过去的研究中，这些重要的论述仅仅被实证地排列于经济学的具体说明中，因此被弱化了。\n\n其次，马克思第一次完整地说明了第二大社会形式即资本主义社会中人与人的关系的事物化与颠倒。这是我们非常关注的问题。由于交换价值成为目的，一切都必须转化为交换价值，交换价值成为个人抵达现实社会认同的唯一通道。同时，交换价值又必然从一般等价物发展到货币。相对于过去那种人与人的直接交往关系，当下资本主义社会中人与人的关系需要经过交换中介的事物化(颠倒)成为不可避免的现象。马克思写道：\n\n活动的社会性，正如产品的社会形式以及个人对生产的参与，在这里表现为对于个人是异己的东西(Fremdes)，表现为事物性的东西(Sachliches);不是表现为个人互相间的关系(Verhalten)，而是表现为他们从属于这样一些关系，这些关系是不以个人为转移而存在的，并且是从毫不相干的个人互相冲突中产生出来的。活动和产品的普遍交换已成为每一单个人的生存条件，这种普遍交换，他们的互相关联(wechselseitigerZusammenhang)，表现为对他们本身来说是异已的、无关的东西，表现为一种事物(als eine Sache)。在交换价值上，人的社会联系（dei gesellschaftliche BeziehungderPersonen）转化为事物性的社会状态（eingesellschaftlicheVerhalten derSachen)；人的能力转化为事物性的能力(daspersönliche Vermögen in ein sachliches)。①\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第497页。\n\n652","previous_page":651,"next_page":653}