{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":661,"pdf_page":714,"physical_index":714,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"eb7a903cf060cb6ade1e819e7bde947bddce694d3e25ff2cb934911f1a00dc02"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"价值建立在这样的基础之上，即人们互相把他们的劳动看作是相同的、一般的劳动，在这个形式上就是社会的劳动。如同所有的人的思维一样，这是一种抽象，而只有在人们思维着，并且对可感觉的细节和偶然性具有这种抽象能力的情况下，才可能有人与人之间的社会关系。①\n\n这也就是说，“关系当然只能表现在观念中，因此哲学家认为新时代的特征就是新时代受观念统治”②。这是马克思所说的“抽象成为统治”的真实语境。实际上，“抽象成为统治”也是现代各种唯心主义哲学的一种重要思想根源！这个语境也让人想起爱利亚学派凸现的那个“一”和柏拉图的相论，特别是那个曾经令青年马克思着迷的透视了资产阶级政治经济学秘密的黑格尔哲学。黑格尔的精神现象学，正是将人类社会实践中历史形成的社会关系(有序结构)的抽象，直接本体化为世界的本质，因此具体的物质存在形式本身被误指为观念本质的现象。他将物相、自我意识直至观念层层剥离，遂使历史现实变成了精神的生成史和先验的逻辑结构。我在本书第一章中所指认的黑格尔对资产阶级古典经济学的误认，在此由马克思明确地揭示出来了。与此相对应的是，马克思的社会历史现象学的意义域又进一步得到拓展。\n\n我认为，马克思所指称的“抽象的统治”有三层含义：\n\n第一层含义是客观历史抽象本身。如上所述，任何非实体的关系都不能由感性的直观来把握，只能由观念的抽象才能得以映现(规律也是如此)。首先，自然存在具有物的功能属性，自然界的各种物质活动的非实体性关系(本质)和规律也不具有直观性。其次，社会存在具有人的活动的功能属性，它不是实体性的，这种社会物质存在主要是活动、关系、过程和规律，物质实体只是它们的物质承担者。在一定的意义上，我们可以说，社会存在的本质是社会关系，历史唯物主义就是“关系本体论”。前面我们多次讲过，社会生活中的关系和规律都不是感性直观的存在，生产力是一种关系抽象，生产关系也是一种关系抽象。原来我们把生产力理解为三种实体性的东西，这无疑是错的，它的本质其实是人与自然的关系。生产关系更是如此，尤其在生产关系的再生产进程中，它随时都在重新建构，它不是事物，而是因人的活动而建构的功能性关系。一旦人停止活动，这种关系就立刻解体。当然，只有通过抽象才能被把握的社会关系也具有物的附属实体，在特定的历史条件下，这种关系也将发生颠倒的事物化(如商品、货币和资本)，而一旦这种关系被事物化，它就颠倒地表象自己，并且直接反过来成为支配人类生存的统治力量。经济决定论的本质是经济关系成为支配性力量。\n\n第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学\n\n①②《马克思恩格斯全集》第47卷，人民出版社1979年版，第255页。\n\n661","previous_page":660,"next_page":662}