{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":668,"pdf_page":721,"physical_index":721,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9e2fdeb3814741ba2384672d708e7cc8f5b3accd48f3e12db541e691a4c1d54b"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"只要考察的是形式规定——而且这种形式规定是经济规定，是个人借以互相发生交往关系(Verkehrsverhältnis)的规定，是他们的社会职能或彼此之间的社会联系(gesellschaftlichen Beziehung)的指示器——那么，在这些个人之间就绝对没有任何差别。每一个主体都是交换者，也就是说，每一个主体和另一个主体发生的社会联系(gesellschaftliche Beziehung)就是后者和前者发生的社会关系。因此，作为交换的主体，他们的关系是平等的关系。①\n\n这是交换主体的平等。这种平等是法人意义上的形式上的平等。\n\n第二个特点是，在交换中，“他们所交换的商品作为交换价值是等价物”②。这也就是说，平等的交换主体所交换的东西是等质的。在这一点上，交换也是平等的。马克思指出，在这种平等的交换中形式上存在着三种要素：一是交换关系的主体即交换者，他们处于同一规定中；二是他们交换的对象，交换价值，等价物，它们不仅相等，而且必须确实相等，还要被承认为相等；最后，是交换行为本身即媒介作用，通过这种媒介作用，主体才表现为交换者，相等的人，而他们的客体则表现为等价物，相等的东西。③\n\n马克思试图阐明一个道理正是人们之间“在需要上和生产上的差别，才会导致交换以及他们在交换中的社会平等”④。如果两个人都需要空气，而空气也是富足的，那么就不会使他们发生社会接触；如果两个人的需要相同，又都将自己的劳动投射到同一对象中去，那么他们同样不会有任何社会关系。在现实生活中，人的需要都是不同的，这种需要在一定的历史发展中只会更加丰富，但在分工的条件下，生产是不同的，所以，在这种情况下，“一个人的需要可以用另一个人的产品来满足”⑤，反之亦然。于是，人们之间就相互补充，相互需要，并且通过交换实现这种相互依存的关系，“于是他们彼此不仅处在平等的关系中，而且也处在社会的关系中”①。可见，人与人在社会存在中获得的平等关系，并不是任意的或者被赐予的东西，而是在资本主义市场交换所产生的特定社会关系的不断丰富中发展起来的。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第192—193页。中译文原来将此处的Beziehung译作“关系”，我均改译为“联系”。—本书作者第三版注。\n\n②③参见《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第193页。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第194页。\n\n⑤《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第195页。\n\n668","previous_page":667,"next_page":669}