{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":671,"pdf_page":724,"physical_index":724,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"71d7a829f8cf015dce6c1c34538df29c2c19556a6d486206b726fe1be0dbd6b7"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"到这里，马克思从一般经济学家甚至是社会主义经济学所关注的流通和交换过程切入，指认了在这一层面发生的表面关系，特别是在这种现象层面之上建立起来的虚假的资产阶级政法观念。这是所有资产阶级思想驻足的地方。然而，马克思所真正要着手进行的，并不是简单肯定或者否定这一现象，而是要更深入地考察这种支撑全部资产阶级意识形态的表层社会现象的实质。他指出：\n\n在现存的资产阶级社会的总体上，商品表现为价格以及商品的流通等等，只是表面的过程，而在这一过程的背后，在深处，进行的完全是不同的另一些过程，在这些过程中个人之间表面上的平等和自由就消失了。①\n\n请注意，马克思这又是在历史地剥离资本主义的社会现象以透视其深层本质。所以，我们将又会看到马克思极为精彩的历史现象学分析。\n\n马克思娓娓地分析道，实际上，交换价值作为整个资本主义生产制度的客观基础这一前提，“从一开始就已经包含着对个人的强制”。你们不是说平等和自由吗？那么，真相到底是什么？这是马克思要着力告诉我们的东西。在马克思的锐利批判目光下，资本主义社会经济过程中的个人的产品并不是为个人而生产的产品，只有在市场交换的社会过程中它才成为这样的产品。这里面已经包含着对“个人的自然存在的完全否定，因而个人完全是由社会所决定的”②。这就是个人看不见的一种强制。同时，在分工的条件下，个人在分工中所处的关系已经不是单纯交换者的关系。“交换价值这个前提决不是从个人的意志产生，也不是从个人的直接自然产生，它是一个历史的前提，它已经把个人当作是由社会决定的人了”③。这还是一种隐性的强制。这恰恰是资产阶级思想家和一部分资本主义的反对者共同的理论盲区。也是在这个意义上，马克思指认蒲鲁东之类的法国社会主义者的改革设想实际上不过是“资产阶级社会的理想”，他们以为，“交换、交换价值等等最初(在时间上)或者按其概念(在其最适当的形式上)是普遍自由和平等的制度，但是被货币、资本等等歪曲了”。因此，他们觉得只要排除货币、资本的干扰，就可以恢复真正的平等和自由。与他们的这种肤浅和天真不同，马克思深刻地指明了事实真相：\n\n第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学\n\n①②《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第200页。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第200—201页。\n\n671","previous_page":null,"next_page":672}