{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":677,"pdf_page":730,"physical_index":730,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"97cfb1b505a0d26ffa7686e0f4984a88f7ec003e479a623152940ba964be2a02"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"Eigenschaften der Dinge)，这种粗俗的唯物主义(grobe Materialismus)，是一种同样粗俗的唯心主义(Idealismus)，甚至是 一种拜物教(Fetischismus)，它把社会关系作为物的内在规定归之 于物(Dingen)，从而使物神秘化(mystifiziert)。①\n\n这就是拜物教！这是马克思在此文本中唯一一次使用Fetischismus一词。这是一种更深的社会假象遮蔽！当然，也只有通过这种假象的遮蔽，才使“资本变成一种非常神秘的存在”②。然而，在马克思的历史现象学的科学视域中，资本不是物，而是一种特定历史条件下的社会关系，并且是一种始终不会凝固的、永远变化着的动态关系。“资本显然是关系，而且只能是生产关系”③。马克思后来在1861—1863年的经济学研究中进一步指出：“资本关系的形成从一开始就表示，资本关系只有在社会的经济发展即社会生产关系和社会生产力发展的一定的历史阶段上才能出现。它从一开始就表现为历史上一定的经济关系，表现为属于经济发展即社会生产的一定的历史时期的关系。”④在资本主义经济运动中，资本既是货币，又是固定资产，同时还是人，但这并不是意味着资本是各种事物，而是人、物、金都可以成为这种关系的物质承担体。马克思在这里的认证，显然比提出这一命题的《雇佣劳动与资本》中的论述要深刻和全面得多。\n\n更进一步说，马克思指认资本是一种关系，关注使资本成为资本的形式，其实也就是历史地指认出，在资本与劳动的特殊对立和交换中所实现的一种被表面平等、公正的交换现象遮蔽起来的真实奴役关系。马克思的看法深中肯紧：“资本只有同非资本，同资本的否定相联系，才发生交换，或者说才存在于资本这种规定性上，它只有同资本的否定发生关系才是资本；实际的非资本就是劳动”①。在对资本的历史分析中，劳动出现了，新的思考点出现了。以我之见，这个劳动正是马克思历史现象学的真正现实原点，一个重要的转折点。从历史唯物主义逻辑的发展线索来看，这也意味着它从生产的客体向度再一次回溯到劳动活动的主体向度。同时，也正是在对这种深层奴役关系的现象学解蔽中，马克思初步实现了他在经济学研究中的最伟大的发现—剩余价值(Surpluswerth)产生的秘密。相对于历史唯物主义的创立，这也是他的第二个伟大的历史发现(恩格斯语)。\n\n第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷下册，人民出版社1980年版，第202页。参见Karl Marx， Grundrissen, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2), II/1, Text, Berlin: Dietz Verlag 1976,S.567。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第48卷，人民出版社1985年版，第40页。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第518页。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第47卷，人民出版社1979年版，第47页。\n\n677","previous_page":676,"next_page":678}