{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":683,"pdf_page":736,"physical_index":736,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"49a8b9078d803a5f646ef3251d9ae5ec7f99a710372e6cd165d7fb627b8dfd75"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"作为活动，工人被资本所吸收，并体现为资本。这样，交换变成了自己的对立面，而私有制的规律，自由、平等、所有权，即对自己劳动的所有权和自由支配权，——变成了工人没有所有权和把他的劳动让渡出去，而工人对自己劳动的关系，变成了对他人财产的关系③。\n\n马克思说，这是由于，“这种劳动是创造价值的活动，是生产劳动(produktiveArbeit);也就是说，资本家换来这样一种生产力，这种生产力使资本得以保存和增殖，从而变成资本的生产力和再生产力(Produktivkraft und reproduzierenden Kraft des Kapitals),—种属于资本本身的力”④。在这种表面看起来公平的交换中，资本家“无偿地得到了两种东西：第一，得到了增加他的资本价值的剩余劳动，第二，同时得到了活劳动的质，这种质使物化在资本各个组成部分中的过去劳动得到保存，从而使原有的资本的价值得到保存”⑤。事实上，马克思第一次科学地揭示了资本主义公平交易背后所遮蔽的剥削关系。这就是马克思第二个伟大发现——剩余价值理论的最初建构，同时也是马克思历史现象学中最重要的深层批判之所在。也是在这里，马克思才第一次揭示了雇佣劳动的真正本质！在后来1861—1863年的经济学研究中，马克思分析了雇佣劳动形成的特定历史条件：“要使劳动成为雇佣劳动(Lohnarbeit)，要使工人作为非所有者进行劳动，不是出卖商品，而是出卖对他自身的劳动能力(Arbeitsvermögen)的支配权，即要使他按照劳动能力能够出卖的唯一方式来出卖劳动能力本身，实现他的劳动的那些条件就必须作为异化的条件，异己的权力(entfremdete Bedingungen，alsfremdeMächte)，受别人的意志支配的条件，即别人的财产同他相对立。”①这个异化的条件和权力就是历史形成的能够与劳动相交换的资本关系。\n\n第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学\n\n①《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第240页。\n\n②《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第266页。\n\n③《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷下册，人民出版社1980年版，第187页。\n\n④《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第231页。\n\n⑤《马克思恩格斯全集》第46卷上册，人民出版社1979年版，第336页。\n\n683","previous_page":682,"next_page":684}