{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":694,"pdf_page":747,"physical_index":747,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7ba276826317aab00d5d3c5a984a0076836cf538a7a5e9f69b7cdbef0052c751"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"在此，我们首先要再强调一下马克思在社会经济生活中所使用的拜物教(Fetischismus)概念①与原始拜物教观念的区别。在远古时代的自然崇拜和图腾意识中，拜物教是对外部自然客观物或神秘力量之崇拜，而在马克思这里，它则主要是指认一种人们无意识发生的对社会存在物(关系)的崇拜，并且是颠倒了的物相(假象关系)。相比之下，这种社会经济拜物教是更加复杂的，它的中心偶像是一种非物形非人形的东西，甚至人还不知道所崇拜的东西的实质是什么。崇神时，知道它是一个超人超自然(übernatürlich)的东西，可是，人们对于商品、货币与资本的真正本质却知之甚少，除了知晓它们的一般物质承担体，对其本质的认识似乎总是雾里看花，甚至于无法想象其本质。在马克思这里，颠倒的假象视域是经济拜物教性质(Fetischcharakter)的重要层面，它表现在如下几个方面：\n\n首先是商品拜物教的假象视域。可以看到，马克思的分析是从我们的感官可以直接达及的经验层面开始的。他说，我们在日常生活面对任何一个物品，这些物品一般都不会具有无法认知的神秘感。如一张桌子，木制有形，可以站立，也能放置物品，此时，桌子并没有任何“形而上学的烦琐性(metaphysische Spitzfindigkeit)和神学的微妙性”。自然唯物主义和一切旧唯物主义的正确前提都基于这个直观的真实性。当然，我们这里会承认桌子已经是人类劳动的制品，在使用中，它实现着一种物品面对人的需要的社会性的功用性。可是，就是在效用这一层面，也不会出现什么不解的神秘感。但是，同样是这张桌子，当它\n\n一旦当作商品出现，它就成了一个可以感觉而又超于感觉的物(ein sinnlich übersinnliches Ding)。它不仅用脚直立在地上，而且在它对其他一切商品的关系上，用头倒立着，并从它的木脑袋里，展开比桌子自动跳舞还不可思议得多的幻想。①\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①据我的不完全文献统计：马克思在《资本论》第一卷中3次使用了Fetischismus一词，在第二卷中使用了1次，而在第三卷中则没有使用。本书作者第三版注。\n\n694","previous_page":693,"next_page":695}