{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":696,"pdf_page":749,"physical_index":749,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3744d6c1373f1b581e90355e1dedaaec87f8851818a5879f83beccd8557e064b"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"这是马克思关于商品拜物教的一段非常著名的表述。马克思是想说明，商品拜物教是资本主义生产方式特有的物相。不过，我们还需要追问，为什么会发生这种物相的颠倒呢？\n\n面对商品，我们一般都会注意到它同时具有用于直接使用的价值和用于在市场中交换的价值。“我们按照普通的说法，曾经说商品是使用价值和交换价值。准确地说，这种说法是错误的”。这个普通的说法，其实就是马克思恩格斯一直使用的古典经济学的基本术语。此时，马克思已经意识到，交换价值只是价值在市场交换中的表现形式，它通常通过价格实现出来。就是在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中，马克思还没有严格区分这二者。相对于价值，“交换价值总只能是某种包含在其中但还是能够和它相区别的东西的表现方式，现象形态””②。所以，\n\n商品是使用价值或使用品和“价值”。但是，一个商品只要它的价值取得一种特别的、和它的自然形态不同的现象形态，交换价值的形态，它就会表现为这样一个二重物。在孤立的考察下，它是没有这个形态的，要有这种形态，它就必须和第二种不同的商品发生价值关系或交换关系。③\n\n因此，“当作使用价值，各种商品首先是异质的；当作交换价值，它们却只能是异量的，所以不包含任何一个使用价值原子”④。商品的功用性是异质的，可是商品的价值表现为交换价值形式时，却具有某种“超自然属性(übernatürlicheEigenschaft)”，表征发出无质性的量化关系。我们可以看到，马克思所讲的这些商品的属性和表现形态本身，都不是我们通过感官直接能够把握的经验现象，这正是马克思在历史唯物主义视域中所指认的社会存在和社会关系的本质规定。所以马克思经常说，“商品的价值纯然是这些物品(Dinge)的社会定在’(das gesellschaftlicheDasein)，所以它也只能通过商品的全面社会联系（allseitigegesellschaftliche Beziehung)来表现”①。这是狭义历史唯物主义中所指的那个非直观的物。\n\n马克思主义研究丛书·回到马克思\n\n①[德]马克思：《资本论》第一卷，人民出版社1953年版，第47页。参见 Karl Marx-FriedrichEngels- Werke, Band 23, “Das Kapital\", Bd. I, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1963, S. 86。\n\n②[德]马克思：《资本论》第一卷，人民出版社1953年版，第7页。\n\n③[德]马克思：《资本论》第一卷，人民出版社1953年版，第34页。\n\n④[德]马克思：《资本论》第一卷，人民出版社1953年版，第8页。\n\n696","previous_page":695,"next_page":697}