{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":721,"pdf_page":774,"physical_index":774,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"693e4632c4886b3e12e5a80b3b8990a9aec8d0de47429dcc37efe4674524a2ca"},"chapter":"第九章 经济学语境中的历史现象学","content":"那样，劳动异化史观被指认为历史唯物主义，人学被误识为马克思主义哲学，就不足为怪了。\n\n马克思思想的第二次转变也即他的第一个伟大发现——广义历史唯物主义的创立，才是真正意义上的马克思主义的哲学革命。它发生在马克思第二次经济学研究《布鲁塞尔笔记》和《曼彻斯特笔记》的进程中，自《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》始，经过《德意志意识形态》，一直到《马克思致安年柯夫》。这一转变最重要的理论基础是马克思对政治经济学科学批判基点的形成。我以为，除去社会主义实践和其他哲学观念的作用，马克思正是在对古典经济学中斯密、李嘉图社会历史观的社会唯物主义的认同以及对资产阶级意识形态的批判性超越上，才创立了历史唯物主义与历史辩证法。在这个意义上我们也可以说，马克思越是深入研究政治经济学，他也就越是接近历史唯物主义。\n\n我认为，历史唯物主义是马克思与以往的一切形而上学进行了“彻底决裂”之后，在经济学话语之上建立的新的哲学话语。这是一种全新的现实的历史话语。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中，他还是以实践作为哲学的总体逻辑入口，解决了一种理论悖结，初步呈现了新世界观的逻辑意向，即历史性的语境；而《德意志意识形态》则已经直接将这种新的历史性逻辑展现为一种完整的“历史科学”，即关注一定社会历史阶段的具体历史现实的社会关系和科学的历史性生存的“本体”性规定的历史构境论。这不是一般哲学基本问题的解决，因为它是以“走出哲学”为前提的。在赫斯的启发下，马克思已经从施蒂纳的利己主义狂想中意识到了一个根本问题，即从神到人、从逻辑学到人的类本质、从自我意识到劳动的自我活动、从民主主义的自由和正义到共产主义，包括施蒂纳的个人和“无”，作为一个形而上的逻辑命题，都还只是哲学家的一种职业对象。即使被换成了实践、生产甚或“科学社会主义”(赫斯)的字眼，也还是从观念和逻辑出发的。至此，马克思不再自认为是传统的旧哲学家，他放弃了用哲学构架来描述周围世界和社会历史的理论方式，确立了从做一个普通的人去面对社会生活和历史情境开始的新哲学世界观。这种决断使马克思能够真正摆脱由爱利亚学派滥觞的走向事物背后的彼岸理念论，返回到现实的历史的具体的社会生活本身。因此，我们可以得出结论，在这一非常性的革命时期中，马克思主义的哲学变革并非如传统研究所确认的在创立历史唯物主义之后转向政治经济学，而是与政治经济学科学研究的开端同体发生的。这使得马克思面对世界的哲学起点，第一次与古典政治经济学的前提重合了。\n\n附录一“回到马克思”的原初理论语境\n\n721","previous_page":720,"next_page":722}