{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":73,"pdf_page":126,"physical_index":126,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"acc092bd145a7d43dc4fb49e539169ea232cd74008a89dfebec7e50a6edc4c99"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"请注意，黑格尔这里的劳动规定的侧重点明显不是重农主义以前的自然经济中的劳动，而是工业生产的劳动。这种理解语境直接与我们上面引述过的斯密和西尼尔的定义相关联。主体的外化在传统的农业劳动中是有限的，在那里，主体活动只是自然生产的辅助因素，只有在工业劳动中，人类活动的创造性才可能在完整的意义上以“塑形(Formierung)”的本质特征实现出来。在这里，黑格尔使用了一对有趣的概念:塑形(Formierung)和构形(Gestalt)。人占有物，即是通过劳动给物以塑形，他明确提出了人对物的占有方式之一就通过劳动塑形改变物的外形和结构，“这种塑形(Formierung)在经验上可以有种种不同的构形(Gestalten)”。②马克思后来在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中表述了近似黑格尔的这一观点。这是黑格尔真正意义上的劳动外化，当然也是全部人类主体异化在现代社会历史层面的客观基础。马克思直到1845—1846年的《德意志意识形态》中，才意识到黑格尔这一论见的重要性。还应该认真思考的地方则是黑格尔明确指认了，人在自己生活中所消费的东西并是自然物，而是“人努力的成果”，即人的劳动产品。这实际上是劳动价值论的另一种肯定。\n\n于是，我们也就自然会进入讨论语境的第二个层面，黑格尔关于劳动的论说，已经不是一种非历史的空洞的规定，而恰恰是从现代商品生产条件出发的具体确证。这里已经产生了劳动一般的现实规定，实际上这是现代分工与交换基础上产生的社会劳动。我们在前面对斯密和李嘉图经济学的讨论中，已经说明过这一“劳动一般”生成的社会历史情境。在《哲学全书》第524节中，劳动与分工总是相互关联着出现的。这也就是说，人不仅是在自我完成过程中的劳动着的人，也是一个在分工下独立的个人与个人之间互相承认关联中共同劳动着的人。黑格尔在斯密一李嘉图的经济学中看到，在分工之下的“交换”社会中，每个人都在为满足某一种需要而劳动，但作为加入社会整体的个人，在客观上又满足着许多人的需要。实际上，黑格尔已经注意到劳动的社会分工与劳动者个人的劳动特殊性的关系。黑格尔意识到：\n\n第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①[德]黑格尔：《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第209页。\n\n②参见[德]黑格尔《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第64页。参见Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Werke 7, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1970,S.120。\n\n73","previous_page":72,"next_page":74}