{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":81,"pdf_page":134,"physical_index":134,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2b2218d18b3b90391227b909a457fe7b5e217450d04048e5e3a392ca456c4d70"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"但特殊目的通过同他人的关系就取得了普遍性的形式(Form derAllgemeinheit)，并且在满足他人福利的同时，满足自己。①\n\n这种观点，乍看起来像是对休谟一斯密利己主义的经济人的直接哲学诠释：“利己的目的，就在它的受普遍性制约的实现中建立起在一切方面相互依赖的制度(System allseitiger Abhängigkeit)。个人的生活和福利以及他们的获得的定在(Dasein)，都同众人的生活、福利和权利交织在一起，它们只有建立在这种制度的基础上，同时也只有在这种关联(diesem Zusammenhange)中才是现实的和可靠的”②。这是由于：\n\n个别的人，作为这种国家的市民（Bürger）来说就是私人(Privatpersonen)，他们都把本身利益作为自己的目的。由于这个目的是以普遍物(Allgemeine)为中介的，从而在他们看来普遍物是一种手段，所以，如果他们要达到这个目的，就只能按普遍方式(allgemeineWeise)来规定他们的知识、意志和活动，并使自己成为关联(Zusammenhangs)的锁链中的一个环节。③\n\n这个普遍物是什么？它就是市民社会的市场交换中自发形成的客观的事物化了的“关联”。在德文中，这个Zusammenhang是“共同关联”的意思。黑格尔将其用到市民社会中生成的社会活动关联系统中是颇有深意的。这一点也影响到后来的马克思。\n\n很显然，黑格尔已经认识到市民社会(“资产阶级社会”)自我生成的两个原则：一是个人只从自己的局部利益出发，“人人为自己”；二是个人之间自发地形成社会关系，原来的“上帝为大家”变成了“市场统大家”。在他看来，市民社会的本质实际上就是资产阶级社会关系的功能性经济结构。黑格尔指出，在这种社会中，每个人貌似都在追求自己的个人目的，但到头来人们活动的客观产物却形成每个个人都并没有欲求的社会关联：每个个人在自己的一项工作中有意无意已经在完成某种总体工作，故他在完成总体工作的同时也是在完成自己既定的工作。“整体成为他的产物，为了这个产物他可以牺牲自我，也正因为如此，反过来他从中获得了自我。”黑格尔十分清楚地看到，资产阶级社会中这种表面上看来利己的私心，财产所有权，个人为了满足自己的需要而进行的劳动和工具的使用，好像客观上是将一个人从其他人那里分化和独立出来，但实际上，这一切也客观地形成某种新的社会关联。这是一种由人的活动形成的，却不以个人意志为转移的客观社会关联。在这里，社会生产与人都无条件地服从于每时每刻都在生成的这种客观的社会关联。参见上一节我们对斯密经济学理论的评述，显然在这里，黑格尔的看法要更深刻、更自觉。\n\n第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①[德]黑格尔：《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第197页。中译文将此处的Beziehung一词译作“关系”，我改译为“联系”。—本书作者第三版注。\n\n②[德]黑格尔：《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第198页。\n\n③[德]黑格尔：《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第201页。中译文将此处的Zusammenhang一词译作“社会联系”，我改译为“关联”。—本书作者第三版注。\n\n81","previous_page":80,"next_page":82}