{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","id":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","uuid":"5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title":"回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语（第四版）","normalized_title":"回到马克思经济学语境中的哲学话语第四版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214205940","isbns":["9787214205940","9783050033501","9783050033518","9783050042817","9783050033532","9783110485776","9783110457605","9783050033549","9783050033556","9783050033563","9783050033570","9783050036106","9783110517675","9783050033587","9783050033594","9783050045887","9783050033600","9783050033617","9783050033624","9783050033631","9783050033648","9783050033655","9783050046747","9783050034829","9783050045931","9783050042459","9783050033686","9783050060040","9783050042275","9783050033761","9783050038667","9783050033785","9783050033792","9783050033808","9783050033815","9783050033822","9783050041773","9783050041384","9783050041742","9783050037332","9783050037974","9783050033839","9783050033846","9783050033853","9783050033860","9783050033877","9783050033884","9783050033891","9783050033907","9783050034638","9783050034867","9783050041803","9783050049847","9783050036755","9783050060248","9783050033914","9783050033921","9783050033983","9783050033938","9783050061238","9783050033945","9783050033952","9783050033969","9783050033976","9783050034881","9783110517651","9783110583694","9783050046730","9783050033990","9783050034409"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":882,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/5ee3a9c1-a919-4a39-8a32-f28ae74111d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":87,"pdf_page":140,"physical_index":140,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c0b2d2df7df8a4d761f5139da39807772e5ecbc7c1b87f01f4f4c53736924c3f"},"chapter":"第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景","content":"那么，这种看法有何根据？从远处着眼，黑格尔其实并不赞成资产阶级近代启蒙思想自然法的个人主义观点。这一点正是斯密承袭休谟而来的理论出发点。他的绝对理念的现实价值坐标指向一种总体性的普遍伦理，即自觉的绝对的善。但是，在市民社会中这种需要和劳动的体系实质上是作为普遍伦理的否定物出现的。①他分析道：“有这样一种观念，仿佛人在所谓自然状态中，就需要说，其生活是自由的；在自然状态中，他只有所谓简单的自然需要(Naturbedürfnisse)，为了满足需要，他仅仅使用自然的偶然性直接提供给他的手段”②。这是斯密市民社会的本质。但黑格尔则认为，市场经济中“上升为这种共性的需要和劳动在人口众多的民族形成了公共性和相互依赖的庞大体系，这个体系本身自内部成为死物的生命，成为盲目自发奔来驰往的生命，就像一头需要经常严格驯养和控制的猛兽”③。这是由于物质利益成为个人的目的，绝对观念只是在一种盲目的“热情”和物欲中自发地起着隐性支配作用。它表现为个人在相互否定(争斗)中屈从于物化了的关系，在追逐量化了的财物的“恶无限”中根本丧失了主体！“由于这个现实体系完全处于否定性和无穷尽之中，因此，就其和肯定的总体关系而言，结果是这一体系必须受到这一肯定总体的完全否定的对待，并永远屈从于这种关系的统治”①。这仍然还是一种颠倒！这种精神与社会财物的颠倒必然导致“市民社会是个人私利的战场，是一切人反对一切人(aller gegen alle)的战场，同样，市民社会也是私人利益跟特殊公共事务冲突的舞台”②。这样，市民社会看起来像是一种社会秩序，然而实际上却是一种普遍的仇恨，在这种仇恨之网中，每一个人都要支配一切他所能支配的东西。虽然这种秩序隶属事物的总进程，并呈现出不断进步的外表，但这种进步不过是一种虚伪的普遍性，犹如“一袭华美长袍”，其实“上面爬满了虱子”。\n\n第一章青年马克思初次面对经济学的支援背景\n\n①参见[德]黑格尔《论自然法的科学行为方法》，载《黑格尔全集》第4卷，汉堡，1968年，第479页。\n\n②[德]黑格尔：《法哲学原理》，范扬、张企泰译，商务印书馆1961年版，第208页。\n\n③[德]黑格尔：《耶拿时期的实在哲学》第2卷，莱比锡，1932年，第232—233页。\n\n87","previous_page":86,"next_page":88}