{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","title":"信息方式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787100099400","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","id":"60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","uuid":"60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","title":"信息方式","normalized_title":"信息方式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787100099400","isbns":["9787100099400"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":265,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/60d761b6-db42-4384-92b5-eb5ed30d8081/search"},"page":{"printed_page":130,"pdf_page":145,"physical_index":145,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"90f7ec981203c74b9371bf1c2915ce609bb1dfa6af47160cad5f0bb2f6a04a70"},"chapter":"信息方式","content":"在19世纪，全景监狱受到技术上的局限。它既要求在安排好的封闭受控空间中被监视者的亲自在场，也要求监视者的在场。狱卒在中心塔楼里，可以看到所有囚犯的牢房，这些牢房分布塔楼周围，窗子全都朝向塔楼。窗子的位置使得囚犯不能确定狱卒是否在监视他。对主体的这种单向全盘监督，因档案记录而延伸。没有对主体行为的系统记录，监督便是不完全的。为了使全景监狱机器发挥作用，个体必须变成一个个案，记载细密的个人档案反映着他偏离规范的历史。当时出现的刑事学，为监狱管理部门提供了档案记录和档案评估的动力与知识。\n\n20世纪后期，监督的技术条件大大进步了，但福柯却没能注意到它们。大体上，全民都已被标上数字，规范所规定的戒律已变成第二本性。19世纪城市中的粗鲁、肮脏、目不识丁、不守规矩的盲流，这些“危险阶层”，已经部分地被聪明、有教养、关心3时尚、举止优雅的人群取代。福柯感到，在20世纪后期，监督已是一种新事物：\n\n130\n\n信息方式","previous_page":129,"next_page":131}