{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title":"理性的权威","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763450","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","uuid":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title":"理性的权威","normalized_title":"理性的权威","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763450","isbns":["9787532763450"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":171,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%83%E5%A8%81","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":134,"pdf_page":142,"physical_index":142,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"107c09434fe897f6d5e9135f29441c817c5182188be90e03803604a74ca3f21f"},"chapter":"The Last Word理性的权威","content":"我们无法回避自身的自由。一旦我们发展出能够认识自己的愿望和动机的能力，我们就面临这样的选择，即是否像这些愿望或动机所驱使我们那样去行事，而且在面对这样的选择时我们也不可避免地面对着评价的问题。即使我们拒绝对此作出思考，对于这一拒绝本身也可作出评价。在这一意义上我相信康德是正确的：道德的概念对于我们的适用性是我们自由的结果这种自由是来自这样一种能力，即通过这种能力加于我们之上的新选择，我们能够客观地看待自己。①\n\n6\n\n甚至对于这一问题的看似“主观”的解答—诸如回答说，世界上不存在可以用以决定我们应该做什么的普遍标准，每个人都可以按照自己的意愿行事其本身也是一个客观的、普遍性的主张，从而也就是一种有限制的道德立场。但是这种立场显然具有很多竞争者：而且那些要求无偏见地考虑每一个人的这样或那样的道德观念似乎都要比它合理得多。现在让我用一系列大致的步骤勾勒出熟悉的主观实践推理过程如何导致这一结论以及对于休谟主义还原论的反驳。\n\n走向伦理学的第一步就是承认实践判断中的普遍性。这事实上就等价于承认理性的存在，因为所谓理性就是只有其他人在同样的情境中(内在的和外在的)具有时，他才能具有的东西。\n\n134\n\n理性的权威\n\n①关于这一主题的一个颇有启示的论述，可见ChristineKorsgaard，TheSources of Normativity (Cambridge University Press, 1996)。","previous_page":133,"next_page":135}