{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title":"理性的权威","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763450","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","id":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","uuid":"6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title":"理性的权威","normalized_title":"理性的权威","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763450","isbns":["9787532763450"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":171,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%83%E5%A8%81","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6254e091-fea7-4580-ad1e-08ddba85762d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":97,"pdf_page":105,"physical_index":105,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"39a308d46db3f1a85708cd2c0b43cbecc11d281c3b5e3eb7482ead5c5fba7556"},"chapter":"The Last Word理性的权威","content":"其次，就连关于什么构成了秩序的定义看来也依赖于我们。因为，这意味着在某种描述的层面上，相似的原因在不同的场合会产生相似的结果，如此等等但我们可利用的判别类似性的唯一方法就是我们认为什么是类似的，或是通过知觉，或是通过更为技术化的探测和度量的方法。①如果确是这样的话，那么通过寻找最佳的、全面性的解释或理论来解释证据、从而达到事实性结论的方法就是双重主观的首先就其目标、其次就什么被认为是成功的而言。\n\n我确信反驳这种指责的唯一方法是指明这样一点：如果这些心理学的分析被严肃对待为假说的话，其自身就将被他们意图挑战的标准所驳倒。但是，我们能否回避问题实质而作出反驳呢？\n\n我认为我们可以做到，在这一方面，认识论的怀疑论与我所希望驳斥的主观主义之间存在一种有趣的差别。当摩尔用他两只手来反驳关于外部世界的怀疑论时，他是在回避问题实质；因为，如果没有物质对象的话，他就没有两只手，从而也就没有为反驳怀疑论的论证作出任何工作，无论是在不存在物质对象这样一种可能性，还是在任何反对其真理性的论据的不可能性方面。一种非回避问题实质的反驳应当在怀疑论得到其结论的过\n\n五科 学\n\n097\n\n①这是NelsonGoodman的关于归纳的“新”问题。参见Fact,Fiction,andForecast(Harvard University Press, 1955;Bobbs-Merrill,1965年重印)。","previous_page":96,"next_page":98}