{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":219,"pdf_page":237,"physical_index":237,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9369ab2448463251016e6d858bdef4049ab49336b02a81b562d14d9fe33e1e0f"},"chapter":"第十章 帝国主义的局限","content":"当然，资产阶级(连同分享其利润的其他阶层)将消费一部分这种剩余价值，但它从来不可能消费全部价值，因为如果它消费了全部就会没有剩余价值留以再投资。与消费所有的剩余价值相反，资本家必须实施节流，也就是说，他们必须积累。①资本自身要求资本家摒弃享乐，尽可能节约，以免在他们自己的消费上“浪费”剩余价值。\n\n这一对资本家的道德与节制的文化解释却仅仅是资本主义生产中呈现出来的真正经济限制的一种表象。一方面，如果有利润的话，那么工人须生产比他们所消费的更多的价值。另一方面，如果存在积累，则资产阶级及其附属者不能消费所有的剩余价值。倘若工人阶级和资产阶级及其附属者不能形成足够的市场并购买生产的所有商品，那么即使剥削产生了，剩余价值被榨取了，此种价值也不可能实现。②\n\n马克思进一步指出，这种限制随着劳动变得越来越多产而持续加深。随着生产力的增加和资本构成的持续增长，可变资本(也就是付给工人的工资)构成了全部商品价值的日益减少的一小部分。这意味着工人的消费能力相对于生产的商品来说愈来愈小：生产力越发展，它就越和消费关系的狭隘基础发生冲突。①资本的实现于是就被消费能力的“狭隘基础”这一问题所阻碍。我们应该注意到这种限制和人口生产的绝对能力或人口消费的绝对能力没有关系(无疑无产阶级可以而且需要更多的消费)，它更多是指在资本主义生产和再生产的关系中人口的相对消费能力。\n\n第十章 帝国主义的局限\n\n① 关于马克思分析资本主义消费的节约理论，见 Capital,vol.1(New York:Vintage,1976)andCapital,3:336。\n\n②Marx, Capital,3:352.\n\n219","previous_page":218,"next_page":220}