{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":221,"pdf_page":239,"physical_index":239,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"107e2dbd3c1673efef4a86b4bf9d92783a19c4b5865a6df6417e53a5605356c5"},"chapter":"第十章 帝国主义的局限","content":"也许，这种不断地扩张其控制领域的需求是欧洲资本的病态所在，但可能也就是这种动力驱使欧洲占据了现代世界的统治地位。“也许此后局限在狭隘的‘亚洲之角’的西方的优势，”费迪南德·布罗代尔推测说，“将需要世界，需要冒险走出自己的前门。”②资本从一开始就趋向于成为一个世界性力量，或者真正的这个世界的力量。\n\n使外界内在化\n\n资本扩张不仅要迎合实现的需求和找到新市场，而且要满足积累的循环中后继时刻的要求，即资本化的过程。在剩余价值以金钱形式得以实现后(通过在资本主义领域内强化市场，并依靠非资本主义的市场)，实现了的剩余价值必须再投资于生产之上，即回归成资本。实现了的剩余价值的资本化要求资本家为了生产的后继循环而被迫保证购买、供应更多的不变资本(原材料、机器等)和更多的可变资本(也就是劳动力)最终，为了进一步的实现，这就需求更大的市场扩张。\n\n追求更多的不变资本(尤其更多更新的材料)驱使资本走向帝国主义，特征就是抢劫和偷盗，罗莎·卢森堡坚持认为资本洗劫了整个世界，从地球的各个角落攫取它的生产方式；“如有用武力的必要，就从各种程度的文明和各种形式的社会中掠取它们……资本变得有必要循序渐进地、更加充分地耗尽整个星球，获取无界限的选择生产方式的机遇，从而在质量与数量两方面对已实现的剩余价值进行生产性的开发利用。”①在获取更多的生产方式的过程中，资本的确与它的非资本主义环境相关，并依赖于后者，可它没有将环境内在化——或者说它没必要使环境资本主义化。外界依旧是外界。例如，黄金和珠宝可从秘鲁与南非获得，上好的甘蔗则完全可从牙买加和爪哇得到，而这些社会与这种生产继续通过非资本主义的关系运行着。\n\n第十章 帝国主义的局限\n\n① Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital(New York; Monthly Review Press, 1968),卢森堡对资本主义积累的分析、对马克思的评论及关于资本主义崩溃的理论自她的书首版以来受到了激烈的争论。关于这些无定论问题的很好的总结，见Mandel's Introduction toCapital ;Joan Robinson, Introduction to Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital ,and PaulSweezy, The Theory of Capitalist Development (New York:Oxford University Press, 1942)。② Fernand Braudel, Capitalism and Marerial Life (New York: Harper and Row, 1973).\n\n221","previous_page":220,"next_page":222}