{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":222,"pdf_page":240,"physical_index":240,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"866e569e933830d8427d1bfa154f6ab0529fdd0613ed73d8d0b78ad3f3e80edf"},"chapter":"第十章 帝国主义的局限","content":"获取更多的可变资本、占据新的劳动力和创造出无产者，相比较之下，意味着一个资本主义的帝国主义。延长资本主义领域里的现有工人的工作时间当然能创造更多的劳动力，但这一增长有一个限度。就这种新劳动力的剩余力量而言，资本必须在非资本主义的群体和国家中不断创造和占据新的无产者力量。非资产阶级环境的逐步的无产阶级化不断地重新开始原始积累的进程从而导致非资产阶级环境自身的资本化。卢森堡视之为资本主义征服的真正的历史开端：“所有的征服者都追求统治和剥削国家的目标，但没有人对抢夺人民的生产力和破坏他们的社会组织感兴趣。”②在资本化的过程中外界就被内在化了。\n\n因此资本不仅必须和非资本主义社会有公开的交流，或者只是掠取它们的财富；它也必须真正将它们转变为资本主义社会自身。这是鲁道夫·希尔佛丁对资本输出定义的中心观点：“说‘资本输出’，我是指价值输出以培育国外的剩余价值。”③所输出的是一种关系、一种会培育或复制自身的社会形式。像传教士或高利贷者一样，资本接触到异域并使之归化。“资产阶级，”马克思和恩格斯写道，“迫使一切民族—如果它们不想灭亡的话——采用资产阶级的生产方式；它迫使它们在自己那里推行所谓的文明，即变成资产者。一句话，它按照自己的面貌为自己创造出一个世界。”①按经济学术语，这种文明和现代化意味着资本化，即在资产阶级的生产与积累的不断扩张的循环内的合并。非资产阶级的环境(地域、社会形式、文化、生产过程和劳动力等等)就这样被正式合并到资本之下。\n\n政治学前沿系列·帝国\n\n②同上。\n\n① Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capital.\n\n③ Rudolf Hilferding, Finance Capital : A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development.Tom Bottomat 编(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981)。\n\n222","previous_page":221,"next_page":223}