{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":253,"pdf_page":271,"physical_index":271,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9a76b40de26f0fdf894106a1151dfc61534bc8cbb55f3218a1b2174f3373b049"},"chapter":"第十一章 规训的可统治性","content":"然而，将英国无产阶级化与资本家化的经验作为所有其他国家的代表会是一个错误。最近300年来，由于资本主义的生产与再生产关系扩展到全世界，尽管原始积累总是涉及到将生产者与生产工具相分离，并进而创造了无产阶级和资产阶级阶层，每一个社会转化的过程却都是独特的。在每个例子中，先前存在的社会与生产关系是不同的，转变的过程是不同的，甚至连产生的资本主义生产尤其再生产的关系的形成也是不同的，这与具体的文化和历史的差异是一致的。\n\n尽管存在这些重要的差异，将两种普遍模式下的原始积累的现代进程进行归类仍然有用，这两种模式阐明了财富与需求以及内、外部间的关系。在所有情况下，资本的原始积累需要一个财富与需求的崭新结合。马克思所描述的英国情况以及普遍应用于整个欧洲的情况便是第一种模式，其独特之处在于资本所原始积累的新财富来自于外部（来自于殖民地区)，需求则出自内部(经英国与欧洲生产关系的演化)。根据第二模式，即欧洲以外的原始积累的现代进程大多具有的特点，过程则颠倒过来，新财富出自内部而需求则来自外部(通常是欧洲资本)。这种两类模式中的财富/需求对应内部/外部的颠倒，导致全世界资本的经济、政治与社会组成的一整套不同。许多从这两个模式中衍生出来的差异已由发展经济学家们从中央与边缘的资本主义形成方面作了详尽的描述。②\n\n第十一章 规训的可统治性\n\n① Karl Marx, Capital,第一卷(New York: Vintage, 1976)。\n\n② 见 Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1974) Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly ReviewPress, 1967)。\n\n253","previous_page":252,"next_page":254}