{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":312,"pdf_page":330,"physical_index":330,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"24128a0c9d636c8f987c8b1f86218d16cb27540f3c018efd5145d0f37f3a6a8d"},"chapter":"第十四章 混合的政体","content":"认为媒体(尤其电视)已经毁坏了政治的大众的概念，只是在这种程度上是错误的：它似乎建立在一种理想化的意念之上，即在媒体时代之前的那个时代组成民主政治的话题、交流和参与的事物。媒体对政治的当代控制的区别并不真的是一种本质的区别，而是程度上的不同。换而言之，以前当然已存在过无数塑造公共舆论与社会公共视角的机制，但当代媒体为这些任务提供了强大得多的工具。如德博所说，在这种景观的社会中，只有表象的东西存在下来，而主要的媒介则逐渐趋向于对大众表征的一种垄断。这种景观的规则清楚地统治着媒体鞭策下的选举政治；一种控制的艺术可能首先在美国发展起来而今遍布世界。选举季节的语言几乎无一例外地聚焦于候选人如何表现以及为各种形象选定时间和广泛宣传。主要的媒体网络展现了一种第二等级的景观，它反映了(无疑部分地塑造了)各候选人及其政党所制造的景观。即便不太久以前我们听到的老式呼吁如今也显示出无望的天真，这种呼吁要求更少关注形象、更多关注政治选举运动中的时事与具体事务。类似的有，政客们像名人一样地活动以及政治选举运动以广告逻辑来运作的这些观念—30年前显得激进和名声不好的设想—如今已显得习以为常。政治话语是一种表达出来的推销广告，而政治参与被削减成对可消费的形象进行选择。\n\n政治学前沿系列·帝国\n\n①Jameson提出了一个对“作为纯粹控制的大众文化的概念”的优秀批判。他主张尽管大众文化受到“管理”却含有乌托邦的可能性。见 Fredric Jameson,“Reification and Utopia in MassCulture,\"in Signatures of the Visible(New York; Routledge,1992)。\n\n② Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle (New York: Zone Books, 1994)和 Comments on the Society of the Spectacle (London: Verso, 1990).\n\n312","previous_page":311,"next_page":313}