{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":357,"pdf_page":375,"physical_index":375,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"cffd73f4dfb3481acf375f656f6a8249ff0709e47ff562376cbb4c121f5f8092"},"chapter":"第十七章 生育和腐败","content":"(马基雅维利的)兴与衰\n\n在古典时代，帝国的概念已然预示出危机。帝国在一种自然主义的政府形式的理论框架内孕育而成，而且即便它打破了好坏形式的周期交替，却不能从城市与文明作为一体的腐败的命运中得以豁免。历史由“赛齐”(Thyche)(即运气或命运)所统治，后者必然不时地毁灭着帝国所取得的完善。从修昔底德到塔西佗，从雅典到罗马，普通生活和监控的形式之间的必要平衡就处在这种线性的命运之中。波利尼奥斯对罗马帝国的分析背弃了历史发展的周期特性这一概念，借此人类对政治的建构不断地从好的形式转化到城市与权力的糟糕形式：从君主制到暴政，从贵族制到寡头制，从民主制到无政府主义，然后最终开始了一轮新周期。波利尼奥斯宣称罗马帝国通过创造权力的好形式的一种综合而背弃了这一循环(见第十四章)。由此，与其将帝国理解成对普遍的时空的统治，不如更多地理解为通过社会力量的权力将空间与短暂时间聚集在一起的一场运动；这些社会力量力求将其自身从历史时间的自然循环特性中解放出来。然而，超越命运的界限是要碰运气的。好的政府形式的综合，即具有市民美德的政府，能够对抗命运，但不可能代替它。危机与\n\n第十七章 生育和腐败\n\n① Charles de Secondat Montesquieu, Considerations of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Desire (New York: Free Press, 1965)和 Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Knopf, 1993)。\n\n357","previous_page":356,"next_page":358}