{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","id":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","uuid":"6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title":"帝国：全球化的政治秩序","normalized_title":"帝国全球化的政治秩序","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787214049100","isbns":["9787214049100"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":416,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%A9%E5%BA%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6501a938-d72c-455e-aee4-85513a77faa5/search"},"page":{"printed_page":73,"pdf_page":91,"physical_index":91,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3606fa515299ddf37b4e3c71d05850bf5af124c88f3da8ae3525c636791e7682"},"chapter":"第四章 两个欧洲，两种现代性","content":"第四章 两个欧洲，两种现代性\n\n你可以先肯定它绝无谬误，然后再由它推演出主权；你也可以先施加主权，然后再由此得出它绝无谬误。可无论怎样，你总要确认一种绝对权力，并把它奉为神明。同样，无论你施加主权的手段是通过政府的镇压或哲学家的说理，也无论你把主权归于君王或归于人民，结果总是一样。\n\n——弗朗索瓦·基佐\n\n罗伯特·穆齐尔的小说《没有个性的人》描绘了20世纪初期的维也纳。书中有一位启蒙贵族莱斯多夫伯爵。此君经过一番冥思苦想，总算搞清了现代性所带来的复杂局面。可在一个核心悖论上，他卡了壳。“有件事我感到难以理解，”他说，“那就是：人们应当彼此相爱，而政府也强力迫使人们这样做，这些早已不新鲜了。可既然如此，这怎么又会突然变成一个要么/要么的问题呢？”①在这位生活在穆齐尔的世界中的慈善家看来，在现代性的中心有一大矛盾。矛盾的一方是各种内在力量一欲望、联想、对社团的热爱；矛盾的另一方则是一个庞大、无处不在的政府，它采用各种强力手段，以施加、确保社会领域的秩序。要解决此矛盾双方之间的张力，或至少进行调和，就必须借助国家主权之力。可尽管如此，这个矛盾还是不断浮现出来，表现为一个“要么/要么”的问题：要么选择自由，要么选择屈服；要么是欲望的解放，要么是它的屈服。莱斯多夫伯爵条理分明地确认出贯穿于欧洲现代性的始终、居于现代主权概念核心之中的矛盾。\n\n① 参见 Robert Musil 的 The Man Without Qualities(New York: Knopf,1995)。\n\n73","previous_page":null,"next_page":74}