{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","uuid":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","normalized_title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","isbns":["9787508685069"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":482,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/search"},"page":{"printed_page":22,"pdf_page":40,"physical_index":40,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"40d32707e34f4d0d63b69868200af4e486b930c471c767e32eaf6a186e7f5237"},"chapter":"第二章 文明的结构","content":"挖掘地球的能源蕴藏为工业文明带来了不为人知的好处，大大加快了经济增长的速度。从此，第二次浪潮所到之处，各国均建立起大规模的科技与经济结构，而其前提是廉价化石燃料取之不尽，用之不竭。不论在资本主义还是共产主义的工业社会，也不论在东方还是西方，这一转变均十分明显—从分散式能源到集中式能源，从可再生能源到不可再生能源，从众多不同的资源和燃料到少数资源和燃料。化石燃料成为所有第二次浪潮社会的能源基础。\n\n技术的发源地\n\n新能源体系的出现与科技的巨幅进步相呼应。第一次浪潮社会仰赖2000年前罗马工程师维特鲁威（Vitruvius）所谓的“必需的发明”，但这些早期的绞盘、楔子、弩、榨汁器、杠杆、起重机主要都是用来对人力和畜力进行补充的。\n\n第二次浪潮使技术达到全新的水准，产生了庞大的电动机器，其可拆卸的零件、传送带、水管、轴承和螺丝钉全都会转动作响。这些新机器的效率超过原始的人力。工业文明赋予了新技术以“感官”，使机器比人类更能准确地听、看及触摸。工业文明赋予技术一个容器，发明可以一直生产新机器的机器——工作母机。更重要的是，工业文明把机器合并成相连的系统，安置在同一处，因而产生了工厂和工厂中的流水线。\n\n在这个技术基础上，出现了一系列工业，为第二次浪潮文明烙下印记。起初是煤、纺织和铁路，然后是钢铁、汽车制造、铝、化学和机械。大型工业城市出现了：纺织城市里尔和曼彻斯特、汽车城市底特律、钢铁城市埃森和后起的马格尼托哥尔斯克等。\n\n第三次浪潮\n\n022","previous_page":21,"next_page":23}