{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","uuid":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","normalized_title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","isbns":["9787508685069"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":482,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/search"},"page":{"printed_page":347,"pdf_page":365,"physical_index":365,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"325e7730d10ba6729b0bdcafa0f82363f6b135d703d3c2de14b2b0a762715b5d"},"chapter":"第二十三章 甘地与人造卫星","content":"开发这类科技的机构很快就遍布了美国和欧洲，1965年在英国成立的中度科技发展集团就是早期的一个例子。发展中国家也成立了此类机构，并且开始进行小规模的科技创新工作。\n\n博茨瓦纳的莫丘迪农民工作团已经研发出一种用牛或驴来拉的农具，可以在单双行垦殖的犁田用于播种、喷洒农药。冈比亚的农业部采用一种塞内加尔的工具架，这种工具架可以配合使用于犁田板、落花生捡拾器、播种机和筑垄机上。在加纳，工作已经进展到打谷机、啤酒渣压榨机、木制香蕉榨汁机。\n\n第一次浪潮战略还有更广泛的用途。1978年，当时的印度新政府虽然仍受累于高昂的石油和肥料价格，以及甘地政府带来的第二次浪潮战略，但是已采取措施，禁止机械化纺织作业的扩张，鼓励人们用手动织布机代替动力织布。这种做法的目的不仅是增加就业，而且是以乡村工业来遏制城市化的进展。\n\n这种新观念当然有其深远的意义。它缓和了人们迁往城市的速度，使穷人居住的乡村更有生气。就生态因素而言，这是明智之举。它强调利用廉价的当地资源，而不要使用昂贵的进口资源，“效率”之传统、狭隘的定义遭到挑战。在开发的过程中，当地的习俗和文化重新被列入考虑因素之内。改善穷人的环境受到重视，人们不再寄希望于经过富人之手，把资本转分给穷人。\n\n第二十三章 甘地与人造卫星\n\n347","previous_page":346,"next_page":348}