{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","uuid":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","normalized_title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","isbns":["9787508685069"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":482,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/search"},"page":{"printed_page":355,"pdf_page":373,"physical_index":373,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3efc3eb47850b5b64ec969445bcd9405419e304a09baac559bc7fcbf732a549b"},"chapter":"第二十三章 甘地与人造卫星","content":"其他方面的发展也动摇了传统的开发观念。许多第一次浪潮国家最敏感的问题就是大量失业。这一事件引起第一次浪潮和第二次浪潮支持者激烈的辩论。一方主张批量生产的工业不需要使用太多劳工，因此开发工作应着眼于小规模、技术不太先进的工厂，以消化较多的人工、较少的资本和能源；另一方则认为应当引进发达国家淘汰的第二次浪潮工业，如钢铁、汽车、制鞋、纺织等。\n\n不过，急着建第二次浪潮的钢铁厂，可能和建马车工厂一样不明智。设立一座工厂可能是出于许多政策上的考虑，但是新的合成材料在强度、韧度和重量上都比铝要理想数倍，新的透明材料和钢铁一样坚韧，加压塑胶灰泥取代了镀锌水管，在种种新发明的冲击下，钢铁需求量的好景还能维持多久？产量什么时候会呈现过剩景象？根据印度科学家M.S.艾杨格（M.S.Iyengar）的看法，这些新发明会使“一直呈直线发展的钢铁和铝业生产变得落伍”。也许发展中国家在找寻贷款或国外投资来扩充钢铁产量之前，应该先了解“材料寿限”。\n\n第三次浪潮也带来了更为直接的措施。瑞典隆德大学主持研究战略计划的瓦尔德·莫尔豪斯（WardMorehouse）认为，发展中国家的眼光应该超越第一次浪潮的小规模工业和第二次浪潮的大规模集中工业，而专注于第三次浪潮的主要工业之一—微型计算机。\n\n第二十三章 甘地与人造卫星\n\n355","previous_page":354,"next_page":356}