{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","id":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","uuid":"6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title":"第三次浪潮","normalized_title":"第三次浪潮","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685069","isbns":["9787508685069"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":482,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/6c8738ac-131b-4594-8c38-912b14f40f17/search"},"page":{"printed_page":93,"pdf_page":111,"physical_index":111,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f141a8691dc9848099a0921561d02f92e5f08009c08f593c15a6e911e64db8de"},"chapter":"第八章 帝国的动力","content":"家庭用的人造奶油就是一个最戏剧化的例子。人造奶油原先是利用当地原料在欧洲制造的。随着人造奶油的销路越来越广，这些原料就变得不够用了。1907年，研究人员发现可以用椰子油和棕榈油来做人造奶油，这项欧洲人的发现使西非居民的生活方式发生了大变化。\n\n英国食品科学与技术中心前主任马格努斯·派克(MagnusPyke）曾说：“在一向出产棕榈油的西非主要地区，土地为整个地区所有。”复杂的地方习俗和规则，左右了棕榈树的利用方式。在有些地方，种树的人终身都可以享有其出产物，有些地方的女性享有特殊的权利。据派克说，西方商人以大规模生产棕榈油的方法制造人造奶油，作为欧美工业社会人们的“简便”食物，他们破坏了非工业化的非洲人脆弱复杂的社会体系，在刚果、尼日利亚、喀麦隆、黄金海岸等地，规模巨大的棕榈树种植园建立起来。西方人得到了人造奶油，而非洲人变成大规模种植园的“准奴隶”。\n\n橡胶是另一个例子。20世纪初，美国的汽车生产突然迫切需要橡胶做外胎和内胎，商人勾结当地权势役使亚马孙地区的印第安人生产橡胶。英国驻里约热内卢大使馆领事罗杰·凯斯门特(RogerCasement）指出，1900—1911年，每生产4000吨普图马约橡胶，就要牺牲3万个印第安人的性命。\n\n第八章 帝国的动力\n\n093","previous_page":92,"next_page":94}