{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":10,"pdf_page":21,"physical_index":21,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0c757789f090308f80f5d32446387f848297239d5f7d577af487e8a4ff113c97"},"chapter":"人工智能的进化","content":"图灵测试\n\n艾伦·图灵（1912—1954）是英国数学家，曾参与计算机的早期开发(我们将在第8章中对他和他的成就做更为详细的介绍)。他对于能否通过编程让计算机完成人类智力才能完成的任务（如下棋）进行过深入思考，并成为该领域的先驱之一。计算机只能根据自身的程序进行工作，但是关于我们能够设计出何种程序来指引计算机工作，无论是当时还是现在，都还很不明确。\n\n根据我的猜测，图灵对机器是否拥有思考和理解能力或者意识等哲学讨论逐渐感到厌倦。他预见到人工智能将会给技术领域带来极大挑战，但有些人认为即使克服这些困难，由于计算机是非生物体，所以也不可能具备思考理解的能力。他对这样的观点感到愤怒。\n\n1950年，图灵在一篇极具影响力的论文中建议，我们应该将注意力从如何制造机器、机器外观如何以及其内部如何运转等方面转移到可观察的外部行为（externally observable behavior）上。当然，我们需要考虑的行为多种多样，我们可以将机器放在并不熟悉的新环境当中，看它作何反应，我们可以要求它辨认猫的照片，我们还可以研究它如何处理撒满调料的热狗。图灵提出的想法是让机器与询问者进行一次不受束缚、毫无保留的对话。\n\n人工智能的进化\n\n010","previous_page":9,"next_page":11}