{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":147,"pdf_page":158,"physical_index":158,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2ce9a36889cd6c1a7bca5589bfe3b1ea541cb89aae80750684db2bcfa0088aea"},"chapter":"第9章","content":"人们会相信：设想的这个系统能够计算出其一切被告知及存储知识的直接逻辑后果。这个属性与人类所具有的常识具有共同之处。\n\n从那以后，包括麦卡锡本人在内的许多研究人员开始相信，这些关于表示和推理问题的答案有些过于严谨。毕竟，作为符号表示语言的一阶谓词演算并不是完美无缺的，而由规则推理出来的逻辑结果也并不完美。\n\n事实上，在推理问题中，古典逻辑所起的作用既微妙，又复杂。在很多情况下，“用你所知”确实有从你现有信念得出合乎逻辑的结论的含义(如第3章中关于亨利的讨论)，但它的含义不止于此。\n\n第一，会有许多与你的目标无关、浪费时间的逻辑结论。事实上，如果你有任何矛盾的信念，每一句话都会成为你的信念的逻辑后果。第二，会有可能相关、令人费解、需要纸笔演算的逻辑结论。(如第8章中所讨论的鲍勃是否有罪的逻辑谜题。）第三，会有根本不符合逻辑的结论。假设虽然合理，但是结论却违背逻辑。例如，你可能会得出这样一个结论：一个你从未见过的柠檬是黄色的。但由于你并不相信每个柠檬都是黄色的，所以这条结论不符合逻辑。（据你所知，有些盲人会把柠檬画成红色。）第四，会有许多“用你所知”但却得不出结论的方法。比如，问问自己：导致柠檬不是黄色的因素有哪些？\n\n第 9 章基于知识的系统\n\n147","previous_page":146,"next_page":148}