{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":181,"pdf_page":192,"physical_index":192,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b9a82d98e24f32d2faa5b9f5a6c30bfca197a0b51cf174fc2a7ff98c14e4492b"},"chapter":"第5章 有经验的学习与没有经验的学习","content":"我们是如何掌握语言的，这依然是个谜。具体来说，我们如何解释儿童虽然获得的数据有限，但是他们却能掌握复杂的语法?这个问题被诺姆·乔姆斯基称为“刺激贫乏”(RulesandRepresentations)。他的(充满争议的)观点是，孩子天生就具有一种被称为“普遍语法”的能力，帮助他们迅速掌握首次接触的语言的实际语法。\n\n关于行为的学习，艾伦·麦克沃思(AlanMackworth)(可参见他的文章Onseeingrobots)和罗德尼·布鲁克斯(RodneyBrooks)(可参见他的文章Elephants don't play chess)等对老式人工智能持批判态度的学者更为关注动物（包括人在内）如何能够在没有语言和符号的帮助下，依靠真实传感器和效应器生存，这一点非常有趣。这些动物似乎掌握了某种程序性知识（通过某种作业形式获得的知识)，与老式人工智能所关注的陈述性知识(可用陈述句表达的知识）截然不同。但是，我们仍需谨记“巨型拼图”问题，而且“世间行动”是个广义的范畴。当然包括骑自行车和玩溜溜球，也包括饲养照顾宠物金丝雀，收集稀有金币。显而易见，上述两种知识都必不可少。关于这个问题可以参考Frame representations and the declarative/proceduralcontroversy, Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brainsystems supporting learningandmemory—文则从神经科学的角度做了介绍。\n\n注 释\n\n181","previous_page":180,"next_page":182}