{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":185,"pdf_page":196,"physical_index":196,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9d1113a15d43fcde5c5c7eb8448a89598de4c5d2bde87ec439c0fb245d151f19"},"chapter":"第8章符号与符号处理","content":"What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason一书介绍了他们对人工智能、专家系统的看法，还从哲学角度对专家和新手进行了观察分析。\n\n第8章符号与符号处理\n\n这一章名为“符号与符号处理”，实际是介绍计算机科学。计算机科学始于艾伦·图灵的图灵机研究（见On computablenumbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem )。 有些学者推崇非符号形式的人工智能（例如文章Connectionist AI,symbolic AI, and the brain)，但他们实际谈论的依然是符号处理，只不过是在用数字代表符号（如符号代数中的例子)，而非使用非数字概念(如符号逻辑中的例子)。\n\n这两个例子谈到的问题是计算机科学的核心，且非常有趣。一道题可以有多种解答方法，并且属性各不相同，计算机科学家花了大量时间和精力研究算法，即题的各种解答方法(参见Algorithmics: The Spirit of Computing) 。\n\n在符号代数中，求解方程组的标准算法是高斯消元（GaussianElimination) (参见 Schaum's outline of theory and problems oflinear algebra)。其属性是，对于具有n个变量的n 个方程，通过大约 $\\boldsymbol { \\mathrm { n } } ^ { 3 }$ 步可以求得一个解。这就是说，即使方程组里有成百上千万个变量，依然能够解决。\n\n注 释\n\n185","previous_page":184,"next_page":186}