{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":36,"pdf_page":47,"physical_index":47,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"18f8a33d529ae50c551e7b950966b8048c1b325330e98eee07e23b7153c704d5"},"chapter":"人工智能的进化","content":"·在使用语言时，人们不得不使用与谈话主题以及语句中单词含义相关的知识。\n\n智能行为似乎大都遵循着一个规律，即它们取决于背景知识的储备情况。例如，一旦你知道柠檬是黄色的，那么做以下这些事情就易如反掌了：在纸上画一个柠檬，在杂货店挑选一个柠檬列出黄色的水果等。麦卡锡首次提出：若想理解智能行为，我们就应研究在背后支持智能行为的知识，以及这些知识是如何影响人类行为决策的。\n\n在下一章，我们将回到图灵测试，并讨论麦卡锡的观点为何依然重要。但是在这之前，我们不妨先暂缓脚步，仔细研究知识这一概念，搞清楚知识决定智能行为意味着什么。\n\n超越刺激与反应\n\n在大部分情况下，解释人类行为及其原因最好、最简单的手段就是刺激与反应。这种情况在动物身上非常常见，人类自然也不例外。例如，人类对于语言的使用:当衣服不小心被钉子钩住时，我们会说“怎么回事”；当在拥挤的火车上撞到别人时，我们会说“对不起”；当看到小孩把头探出护栏时，我们会说“小心”;当用锤子砸到手指时，我们则会脱口而出一些不文明的词语。\n\n但是，如果你认为人类对于语言的使用都是出于这样的原因，那可就犯了一个巨型拼图式的错误。来看下面这则故事中所展示的用法：\n\n人工智能的进化\n\n036","previous_page":null,"next_page":37}