{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":69,"pdf_page":80,"physical_index":80,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"87feeae3caa175f85848fd1b2dfec327380e2221c0243e1e801d1858206c30fe"},"chapter":"人工智能的进化","content":"当比尔说他是比赛的冠军时，弗兰克感到很嫉妒。(Frank was jealous when Bill said that he was the winner of the competition.)\n\n谁是冠军？\n\n·弗兰克\n\n·比尔（特殊词=嫉妒；替代词=快乐）\n\n问题在于，“快乐”一词会使问题变得模糊。弗兰克既可能因为自己是冠军而感到快乐，也可能因为比尔是冠军而感到快乐。(当然，我们会纠正这些极端案例，但我们在此先不用考虑。)\n\n威诺格拉德模式问题不一定适合每个被试者。例如，上文中提到的“奖杯/手提箱”示例可能适合儿童，但“镇议会议员/示威者”的问题却不适合儿童。“泡沫聚苯乙烯塑料/钢”的问题不适合那些不了解泡沫塑料的人。一般来说，威诺格拉德模式问题要经过仔细审查之后才能投入使用。至少，我们需要确保被试者知道题目中出现的所有单词的含义。\n\n考虑到这些问题，现在就可以制订图灵测试的替代方案了。首先在程序库中输入一组威诺格拉德测试题。这组威诺格拉德测试题中包含一些前文所示的问题，随机选择两个特殊的词语，选择错误会有惩罚。该测试可以自动运行，不需要专家评审。\n\n总结一下:关于图灵测试，我们赞同图灵的观点：当与智能（或思想、理解）有关时，实质性问题在于计算机程序能否完成一个可观察的行为。然而，图灵倡导的自由形式的对话并不是正式测试的最佳手段。因为这种形式将主题隐藏在玩笑话当中，里面充满了表达技巧和烟幕弹。我们的立场是：基于威诺格拉德模式问题的替代性测试不能被滥用，尽管有些连正常对话所需的智能水平都难以达到。（例如，我们在第1章有关图灵测试的讨论中看到的关于十四行诗的内容。)\n\n第4章\n\n真智能还是假智能?\n\n069","previous_page":68,"next_page":70}