{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","id":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","uuid":"72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title":"人工智能的进化 计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","normalized_title":"人工智能的进化计算机思维离人类心智还有多远","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508685670","isbns":["9787508685670"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":216,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E7%A6%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/72c4da97-7cf2-441a-a985-c1252297d6a3/search"},"page":{"printed_page":73,"pdf_page":84,"physical_index":84,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7f57fe2a1379ade080ea1e32e0fd7e4e832e4f5a55862f2991b2fd85511acd38"},"chapter":"人工智能的进化","content":"非常重要的一点是，批判GOFAI的人们并没有试图去解释智能行为，而是采用了其他的批评方式。他们没能设计出另一个更好地回答威诺格拉德模式问题的程序(例如计算经济学)，反而采用了远离GOFAI的方法。\n\n这更像是主题的一种转变。研究人员不再关注人们回答问题的能力，而是将重点转移到其他形式的行为，尤其是对背景知识依赖程度较低的行为。（他们也许会进一步争论该采用何种进化理论来解释该问题。而我们也许应该在彻底了解行为本身之后，再去研究那些取决于知识的行为。)\n\n因此，专注于AML方面的研究人员可能会侧重于手写识别能力。例如，我们区别数字“3”和“8”的能力似乎较少依赖于背景知识，而是更多地依赖于我们在样本数字中看到的格式差别。AML的研究人员专注于展示如何从这些样品中自动获取必要的模式和特征。\n\n当然，这样做没有任何问题。如果假设所有处于人类水平的智能行为都是依赖于背景知识产生的结果，这又会是一个巨型拼图式的错误。从威诺格拉德模式问题以及其他任何地方，我们都能够清楚地看到：只有一部分智能行为是依赖于背景知识的。\n\n第4章\n\n真智能还是假智能?\n\n073","previous_page":72,"next_page":74}