{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","uuid":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","normalized_title":"微粒社会数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","isbns":["9787508679136"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":233,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%20%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/search"},"page":{"printed_page":133,"pdf_page":152,"physical_index":152,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"899e41a311c81f236adadedac071e6486c39cf2deb06d9ae80979f5eed6b2721"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"人类和机器还不能很好地相处，然而他们将越来越多地分享同一个世界。在我们熟悉的人类世界和工业社会，我们将越发难以生存。机器对我们发起了太多的挑战，它们正在破坏我们赖以建立此前世界的那些确定性。\n\n当社会学家们谈到“institution”一词时，他们指的并非是平日所说的具体机构或者什么全德汽车俱乐部，而是人们以之校准自己行为的社会制度。这些社会制度是构成我们社会的基础：法律、宗教、传统属于这个范畴，而婚姻或民族国家也概莫能外。这些制度有一个共同点：它们的稳定通常归功于一些经常不被察觉、也不会被质疑的根本区别。\n\n我们作为人的形象建立在对自由与必然的区分上。人类是自主的，而机器不是自主的，它是被操控的。但一个自主的机器应该属于哪类呢?我们的法律体系（和哲学传统）在传统上将主体与客体区别开来：主体做出行为，客体承受行为——但一个行为着的客体算什么呢?对法律而言，这种不确定的区分将引发一个又一个难解之题。\n\n相对而言，责任问题一目了然。一辆无人驾驶汽车常年兢兢业业地工作着，它学会了辨识环境，它小心翼翼地行驶着——忽然有一天它将一位街边的老太太撞倒，致其不幸重伤，谁来负责呢?是汽车生产商，是软件的编写者（而软件也在不断“自我学习”，只能有限地被编程者控制)，还是汽车经销商，抑或是车主？或者干脆就是汽车本身？这倒也没那么不合情理，激进的专家还未就此问题展开过讨论。\n\n133\n\n第四章超负荷的制度","previous_page":132,"next_page":134}