{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","uuid":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","normalized_title":"微粒社会数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","isbns":["9787508679136"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":233,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%20%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/search"},"page":{"printed_page":25,"pdf_page":44,"physical_index":44,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ecaddac4e972cdf6efea21f88652df49eb866c8743a4185dd091466b37ad7a39"},"chapter":"微粒","content":"赫什根据经验断定，在那些候选人对选民选举态度知之不多的联邦州，选战信息的表述要大众化得多，而且针对的是广大的各阶层民众。而在那些拥有精确数据的联邦州，候选人投放的是对某些特定群体更加有针对性的信息。更重要的或许还在于：这些信息与在数据贫乏的联邦州投放的信息完全不同。“数据质量与数据的可用性彻底改变了一场选战的策略。”赫什这样总结他的研究结果。换句话说，对选民的解析度越高，与全体民众的交流就越少。赫什接着说：“更多的数据允许政治家集中精力于那些如果没有这些数据他们就不会去关注的选民，同时这也鼓励他们忽略那些如果没有这些数据他们将要与之交流的选民。”\n\n为了证明他的这些论点，赫什试图论证，选民“看起来”怎么样取决于利用哪种数据视角观察他们。在那些数据低度解析的联邦州，出现了一种十分和谐的情景。在那里，人们会看到一个均衡的群体，所有选民之间非常接近。由于选举策略专家几乎无法找到选民之间的差异，大部分选民被视为“温和的”，即他们无论对民主党还是对共和党都没有特别的倾向，更不是它们的极端支持者，在他们那里根本找不到在美国汹涌澎湃的激烈意识形态斗争的痕迹。\n\n不过数据越是微粒化，选民之间的距离就会越遥远，直到民主党支持者和共和党支持者被两种突出的特征在数据图的两端区分开来。然后突然间，社会看起来像是深深地分裂了一样。数据从来都不是中立的，数据不会允许以客观的视角观察世界，而是将我们导\n\n025\n\n第一章差异革命","previous_page":24,"next_page":26}