{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","id":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","uuid":"7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title":"微粒社会 数字化时代的社会模式","normalized_title":"微粒社会数字化时代的社会模式","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508679136","isbns":["9787508679136"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":233,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%20%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7519e7db-a39f-4ca7-adbd-76f73bc8f355/search"},"page":{"printed_page":74,"pdf_page":93,"physical_index":93,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"481b2f9e0ff65f34260b70a4a0990e6e866e040892a6f71d5c538a8dffb13bb6"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"首先成就马格努斯，使他的象棋梦变成现实的是计算机：“我十一二岁的时候就已经在计算机上备战比赛并且在网上对弈了。”除此之外，他还购买了内存450万场赛局的DVD（高密度数字视频光盘)，他可以据此学习分析。马格努斯的进步在没有计算机的情况下是不可想象的—这也是大多数顶级选手的现状。同样的情况也发生在扑克选手身上，这些杰出的、由计算机训练出来的新生代明星已经有了一个自己的名字：dieRobotrons。\n\n计算机科学家、杰出的国际象棋选手肯尼思·里根想知道，今天的国际象棋选手是否真的获得了更高的埃洛值，国际象棋比赛的水平是否因此真的有了提升—或者说，选手们是否从某种形式的评价通胀中受益了。但是由于并非所有的赛局都被保存并流传下来，那怎么计算100年前的象棋选手的实力呢？里根想到的办法是，让所有的棋手与同样的对手比赛，这个对手就是当前被称为“李普卡”的最好的象棋程序。因为那些早已逝世的象棋选手不能与李普卡对抗，里根使用了一个技巧：在多达数千个赛局中，他计算出李普卡可能选择的棋步，然后比较哪些棋步是逝世棋手真正选择过的。这样里根似乎确定了之前时代的下棋水平与李普卡的差距，然后再将其与当今的水平比较。\n\n结果是明确的：今天的棋手要比之前的棋手水平更高。象棋的水平有了提升，并且当今的棋手获得了比前辈们更高的埃洛值。或者反过来说：之前统治这个领域的棋手，今天几乎没有可能挤进世界顶级棋手的行列。\n\n微粒社会 The Granular Society\n\n074","previous_page":73,"next_page":75}