{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":113,"pdf_page":112,"physical_index":112,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a36729052e8a310bd28265a3a4d35cc6944927ff90755e2a4ad5449d53e1e036"},"chapter":"第二章 论飞行汽车与下降的利润率","content":"用的分析路径。但它分明是错误的。\n\n首先，在五六十年代贝尔实验室和类似企业研发部门的鼎盛期过去后，私营部门从事的名副其实的创新性研究实际上减少了。部分原因在于税制的调整。当年的那家电话公司之所以愿意将如此多的利润投入研发，是因为利润被课以重税——究竟是将钱投入支付员工的高工资（换取忠诚度）与研发（对于一家仍陷在旧日思维模式里的公司而言意义重大，因为它相信企业的终极目标是制造产品，而不是赚钱），还是任由同一笔钱直接被政府拿走，公司的选择一目了然。在本文导论里描述的七八十年代的变迁之后，这一切都变了。公司税大幅削减。如今越来越多地通过股票期权形式获取回报的高管们，开始不仅用利润向投资者支付股息，而且将原本用于加薪、招聘或研发预算的资金用于股票回购，提升了高管的投资组合价值，却无益于提高生产力。换言之，减税和金融改革的实际效果几乎与其支持者声称的正相反。\n\n与此同时，美国政府未曾放弃大型国控技术开发计划。只不过重点陡变，从太空计划等民用项目转向了军事研究——不单有“星球大战计划”这一里根版的苏联式大规模项目，还有种类繁多的武器项目、通信和监视技术研究，以及类似的“安全相关”的关切。在某种程度上，情况始终如此：单是投入导弹研发的数十亿美元就让拨给太空计划的“小数目”相形见绌。然而到了20世纪70年代，哪怕基础得多的研究也开始遵照军事优先级。我们没等到机器人工厂的最直接原因在于，过去几十年间，是五角大楼输送了大约95%的机器人研究资金，而如今，它对开发无人机的兴趣远超对全自动铝土矿井或机器人园丁的兴趣。\n\n这些军事项目确实有自己的民用副产品，其中之一就是互联网。但在它们的影响下，发展确实被引向了某些极其特定的方向。\n\n113","previous_page":112,"next_page":114}