{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","id":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","uuid":"7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title":"规则的悖论 想象背后的技术、愚笨与权力诱惑 = The Utopia of Rules On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy","normalized_title":"规则的悖论想象背后的技术愚笨与权力诱惑theutopiaofrulesontechnologystupidityandthesecretjoysofbureaucracy","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA%20%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E6%84%9A%E7%AC%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%20%3D%20The%20Utopia%20of%20Rules%20On%20Technology%2C%20Stupidity%2C%20and%20the%20Secret%20Joys%20of%20Bureaucracy","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/7849bdaa-511d-4943-bbd6-e5f93c32627e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":120,"pdf_page":119,"physical_index":119,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a962a1339b5bf1e35339477415f32b54c16b94e499240f900d44310771505d24"},"chapter":"第二章 论飞行汽车与下降的利润率","content":"的”（convivial）：\n\n友好竞争是指我（或我的团队）希望成为证明特定猜想、解释特定现象、发现特定物种或恒星或粒子的第一人，就像我和朋友比赛骑车时的那种求胜心。但友好竞争并不排斥合作，身为竞争对手的研究人员（或研究团队）会共享初步成果、技术经验……当然，共享的知识可以通过书籍、文章、计算机软件或是直接与其他科学家对话获得，由此构成了一个知识公域（intellectual commons）。<sup>30</sup>\n\n显然，对于在企业部门工作的科学家来说，情况不复如此；那里的研究发现受到严防死守。但企业精神在学院和研究机构内部的传播，导致即便受公共资助的学者也越发将自己的研究成果视作个人财产。发表出来的成果越来越少。学术出版商又使得发表出的那些研究成果更难被人获取，从而进一步封闭了知识公域。就这样，友好的、开源的竞争逐步滑向了更贴近经典的市场竞争的模样。\n\n私有化的形式多种多样，甚至包括大公司在内，因为担心影响自身经济效益而直接买断并雪藏某些会惹麻烦的发现。<sup>31</sup>人们都多有关注这些事儿。更不易察觉的是管理层精神本身如何不利于开展从长远看来显得冒险或古怪的项目，尤其是在看不到短期成效的时候。奇怪的是，互联网构成了问题的一部分：\n\n在公司或学术界工作的人对如下场景多有目睹：一群工程师坐在一间屋子里，彼此交流想法。讨论中浮现了一个似乎颇具前景的新概念。紧接着，角落里的某个人用计算机在谷歌上迅速搜索后，宣布这个“新”想法实际上是旧的；它（或与之差不离的想法）已经被尝试过了。结果非成即败。如果它失败了，那么任何想保住饭碗的经理人都不会同意花钱再做尝试。如果它成功了，那便有了专利权，可想而知是无法进入市场的，因为第一个想到它的人享有“先发优势”，会创造“进入壁垒”。以这种方式被粉碎的看似有前景的想法，得有数百万之多。32\n\n120","previous_page":119,"next_page":121}